Fertility Characteristics of Soils in Different Stream Beds under Transitional Climate Conditions

Öz

This study was conducted to identify and evaluate some of the fertility characteristics of soils in stream beds in Şebinkarahisar district of the Giresun province of Türkiye, which has a transitional climate between semi-arid and humid climate zones. To this end, a total of 48 soil samples, surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (30-60/61/62/65 cm), were collected from 24 different sampling points on various stream beds. The textures of the surface and subsurface soils taken were determined as CL, SL, SCL, L, C, and LS. pH values of surface soils ranged from 5.84 to 7.98, and the pH values of subsurface soils ranged from 6.06 to 8.05. Lime contents of the soils without salinity problem ranged from 0.00% to 38.30% for surface soils, and from 0.00% to 37.90% for subsurface soils. Organic matter contents varied between 0.32% and 4.16% for surface soils, and between 0.14% and 2.16% for subsurface soils. While the soils were poor in total nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and manganese, it was determined that the calcium and copper contents were at sufficient levels. Although deficiencies were detected in some soils for potassium, magnesium and iron, they were generally determined to be at sufficient levels. To deal with deficiencies of macro and micro plant nutrients, including deficiency of organic matter, a fertilization planning is recommended that includes barnyard manure, poultry manure, green manure, compost, vermicompost, and various organic fertilizers containing macro and micro elements. Within the scope of the research, climate classifications were also made according to Thornthwaite, De Martonne-Gottman and Erinç methods by had used 48 years (1965-2012) climate data of Şebinkarahisar district. Plant species and varieties to be grown in the study area should be selected from among those suitable to the transitional climate conditions prevailing in the region. It will also be useful to analyze the stream waters in the areas where soil sampling is done.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soil fertility
• Stream bed
• Transitional climate
• Şebinkarahisar
• Giresun

Geçiş İklimi Koşulları Altında Farklı Akarsu Yataklarında Yer Alan Toprakların Verimlilik Özellikleri

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Giresun ilinde, yarı kurak iklim ile nemli iklim arasında bir geçiş ikliminin görüldüğü Şebinkarahisar ilçesinde yer alan akarsu yataklarındaki toprakların bazı verimlilik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla çeşitli akarsu yataklarının bulunduğu 24 farklı örnekleme noktasından yüzey (0-30 cm) ve yüzey altı (30-60/61/62/65 cm) olmak üzere toplamda 48 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. Alınan yüzey ve yüzey altı toprakların bünyeleri CL, SL, SCL, L, C, ve LS olarak belirlenmiştir. Yüzey topraklarının pH değerleri 5.84 - 7.98 aralığında değişirken; yüzey altı topraklarının da pH değerleri 6.06 - 8.05 aralığında değişmektedir. Tuzluluk problemi bulunmayan toprakların kireç kapsamları yüzey topraklarında 0.00 ile %38.30 arasında; yüzey altı topraklarında ise 0.00 ile %37.90 arasında değişmektedir. Organik madde içerikleri yüzey topraklarında %0.32 - %4.16 arasında; yüzey altı topraklarında ise %0.14 - %2.16 arasında değişmektedir. Topraklar toplam azot, fosfor, çinko ve manganca fakir iken, kalsiyum ve bakır içeriklerinin yeterli düzeylerde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Potasyum, magnezyum ve demir için bazı topraklarda noksanlıklar saptanmasına rağmen, genellikle yeterli düzeylerde oldukları belirlenmiştir. Organik madde eksikliği de dâhil olacak şekilde belirlenen makro ve mikro besin elementleri eksiklikleri için ahır gübresi, kanatlı hayvan gübreleri, yeşil gübre, kompost, solucan gübresi ve çeşitli makro ve mikro elementli organik gübreleri içeren bir gübreleme planlaması yapılmasının verimlilik için gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında Şebinkarahisar ilçesinin 48 yıllık (1965-2012) iklim verilerinden faydalanılarak, Thornthwaite, De Martonne-Gottman ve Erinç yöntemlerine göre iklim sınıflandırmaları da yapılmıştır. Çalışma alanında yetiştirilebilecek bitki tür ve çeşitleri yörede etkili olan geçiş iklimi koşullarına uygun olanlar arasından seçilmelidir. Toprak örneklemesi yapılan alanlardaki akarsu sularının da analiz edilmesi faydalı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toprak verimliliği
• Akarsu yatağı
• Geçiş iklimi
• Şebinkarahisar
• Giresun

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