Türkiye'de Covid-19 Salgını Sırasında Tüketicilerin Gıda Talebi ve Beslenme Alışkanlıkları: Bir Örnek Çalışma

Öz

Covid-19 pandemisi, tüm dünyayı etkisi altına almış ve dünya genelinde birçok alanda değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Bu değişiklikler tüketici davranışlarını da etkilemiş ve etkilemeye de devam etmektedir. Kısıtlamalar sırasında, insanların evde kalmaları ve sadece gıda alışverişi gibi zorunlu ihtiyaçları için sokağa çıkmaları, alışveriş ve tüketim alışkanlıklarında değişiklikler meydana getirmiştir. Süreç ile ilgili değişen tüketici davranışları pek çok araştırmayı da beraberinde getirmiştir. Covid-19 salgınının ortaya çıkması, dünya genelinde ve Türkiye'de bireylerin tutum ve davranışlarında önemli değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Bu değişiklikleri belirlemek için birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Tekirdağ ilinde yaşayan bireylerin gıda talebi ve beslenme alışkanlıkları üzerindeki pandeminin etkilerini incelemektir. Bunun için, Tekirdağ'da yaşayan tüketicilerle bir anket yapılmıştır. Örnek hacmi oransal örnekleme yöntemi ile %99 güven aralığı ve %10 hata payı esas alınarak 166 kişi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulguların istatistiksel analizi sırasında faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre, bireylerin organik ürün tüketme isteklerinin ve sağlıklı beslenme konusundaki farkındalıklarının yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Salgın döneminde ortaya çıkan olumsuz koşullar, bireylerin yeme isteklerini artırmıştır. Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde tüketicilerin sağlıklı beslenme konusunda daha duyarlı davrandığı görülmüştür. Meyve, sebze ve yumurta gibi sağlıklı beslenmenin temelini oluşturan gıda ürünlerinin tüketiminde artış olurken buna bağlı olarak gazlı içecekler ve hazır ambalajlı gıda tüketimindeki azalma da bu bulguyu desteklemektedir. Bununla birlikte, hamur işleri ile kuruyemiş tüketimindeki yüksek artış, Covid-19 salgını nedeniyle evde kalma gerekliliğinin ve fiziksel aktivitelerin kısıtlanmasının olumsuz etkilerine örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Ayrıca, satın alma davranışlarını değiştirmiş ve gıda ürünlerini online alışveriş yoluyla temin eden insan sayısı artmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19'dan sonra tüketicilerin gıda tüketiminde nasıl değişiklikler yaşadığını belirleyerek tüketicileri bilgilendirmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19 salgını
• Beslenme alışkanlıkları
• Gıda talebi
• Tarım ürünleri tüketimi
• Satın alma davranışı

Food Demand and Nutritional Habits of Consumers During the Covid-19 Outbreak: A Case Study in Türkiye

Öz

The Covid-19 pandemic, which has affected the entire world, has caused changes in many areas of life worldwide. These changes have also influenced and continue to influence consumer behaviors. During the restrictions, people staying at home and only going out for essential needs such as grocery shopping has caused changes in their shopping and consumption habits. The changing consumer behaviors related to the process have brought about many studies. Since the outbreak of Covid-19, it has caused significant changes in the attitudes and behaviors of individuals in the world and in Türkiye. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand these changes. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the pandemic on the food demand and nutritional habits of individuals residing in Tekirdağ province. To achieve this, a survey was conducted with consumers living in Tekirdağ. According to the research's predicted 10% margin of error and 99% significance level, the sample size was calculated to be 166 people. Factor analysis was applied during the statistical analysis of the findings. Based on the results of the factor analysis, it was found that the desire of individuals to consume organic products and their awareness of healthy nutrition were high. The negative conditions that occurred during the pandemic increased the desire of individuals to eat. It has shown that consumers are more sensitive about healthy eating during the Covid-19 pandemic process. An increase in the consumption of food products that form the basis of a healthy diet, such as fruits, vegetables and eggs, and a corresponding decrease in the consumption of carbonated drinks and prepackaged food also support this finding. However, the high increase in the consumption of pastries and nuts can be given as examples of the negative effects of the need to stay at home and the restriction of physical activities due to the Covid-19 outbreak. In addition, their buying behavior changed, and the number of people who procure food products through online shopping increased. The aim of this study is to inform consumers and researchers working on this subject about how food consumption of consumers has changed after Covid-19.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19 Outbreak
• Nutrition Habits
• Food Demand
• Consumption of Agricultural Products
• purchasing behavior

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