Sürdürülebilir Yöntemlerin Tasarlanması ve Biyoçeşitliliğin Muhafazasına Yönelik Yerli Sığırları Koruma Stratejilerinin Alt Yapısını Belirlemek için Bazı Morfolojik Özelliklerin Tanımlanması: Türkiye'de Ex-Situ Koşullarda Yetiştirilen Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı Örneği

Yıl 2024, , 233 - 245, 30.01.2024

Sadrettin Yüksel , Alpay Karaçuhalılar

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1277523

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışma, biyoçeşitliliğin devamı için, bir altyapı olarak yerli hayvan ırklarının korunması ve üretim zincirinin bir halkası olması amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Bu maksatla farklı yöntemlere göre koruma altına alınmış veya değerlendirilmiş Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) ırkına ait bilgilerin ve ex-situ koşullarda yetiştirilen hayvanların bazı morfolojik karakterlerinin, varyasyon kaynakları ile etkileşimi ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada, farklı yöntemlerle korunan materyallerin durumu ve dört yıl boyunca elde edilen 213 baş buzağıya ait veriler kullanılmıştır. Koruma altındaki materyaller, 350 baş ex-situ, 200 baş in-situ, 50 adet in-vitrodan oluşmaktadır. Buzağıların doğum ve sütten kesim dönemlerine ait ağırlıkları ve vücut ölçüleri kayıt altına alınmıştır. Dişi ve erkekler arasında en yüksek varyasyon katsayısı (VK) farkı 2022 yılında doğum ağırlıklarında görülmüştür (sırasıyla %9.24, %19.23). Sütten kesim döneminde vücut uzunluğu (VU), cidago yüksekliği (CY), göğüs derinliği (GD), göğüs genişliği (GG), göğüs çevresi (GÇ), sağrı yüksekliği (SY) ve ön incik çevresi (ÖİÇ) için VK değerleri hem cinsiyetler arasında hem de yıllar arasında belirli bir düzeyde farklılık göstermiş, ancak bu farklar doğumdaki değerler kadar büyük olmamıştır. Doğum döneminde VU, CY, GG, GÇ, SY ve ÖİÇ ortalamaları cinsiyetler arasında farklılık göstermiştir (p< 0.05). Aynı dönemde yıllar arasındaki tüm vücut ölçüsü değerlerine ait farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur (p< 0.01). Sütten kesim döneminde cinsiyetler arasında görülen en yüksek VK farkı 2019 yılında CY değerinde görülmüştür (dişi, erkek için sırasıyla %9.64, %15.47). Aynı dönemde hem cinsiyet, hem de yıllara göre belirlenen vücut ölçülerinin VK değerleri birbirine yakın bulunmuştur. Sütten kesim döneminde cinsiyet ile CY, GD, ÖNÇ (p< 0.05), yıl ile tüm vücut ölçüleri (p< 0.01) arasında anlamlı bir etkileşim görülmüştür. Nihayi olarak DAK ırkı üzerine yapılan araştırmalardaki artış, sürdürülebilir bir biyoçeşitlilik modülasyonuyla sonuçlanıp, potansiyel olarak çiftlik hayvanlarının kontrolünü ve verimliliğini etkileyebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı, Ex-situ yetiştirme, Biyoçeşitliliğin korunması, Buzağı, Morfolojik özellik

Defining of Some Morphological Characteristics in order to Determine the Infrastructure of Conservation Strategies of Indigenous Cattle for Designing Sustainable Methods and Conservation of Biodiversity: Eastern Anatolian Red Example Reared Under Ex-Situ Conditions in Türkiye

Öz

This study was designed to protect indigenous animal breeds as an infrastructure for the continuation of biodiversity and to be a link in the production chain. For this purpose, the interaction of the information on Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) breed, which were evaluated or protected according to different methods, and some morphological characters of animals reared under ex-situ conditions, with the sources of variation were evaluated. It were used materials preserved according to different methods and 207 head calves obtained during four years in the study. The materials that consisted of 350 head ex-situ, 200 head in-situ, 50 piece in-vitro was conserved in original environment. The weights and measurements of calves were recorded at birth and weaning. Difference of CV was the highest that was seen between males and females in 2022 (%9.24, %19.23 respectively) in birth. It was observed a certain level of difference for CV for BL, WH, CD, CW, CG, RH and FWG both between sexes and between years in weaning, but these differences were not as large as at birth. BW, WH, CW, CG, RH and FWG differed between sexes in birth period (p< 0.05). In the same period, all body measurements were different between years (p< 0.01). In weaning period, difference of CV for WW was the highest that was seen by sex in 2019 (%9.64, %15.47 female, male, respectively). In the same period, it was close CV values of body measurements determined by both sexes and years. There was an interaction between sexes and WW, CW, FWG (p< 0.05), years and all body measurements (p< 0.01) in the weaning period. The increase in studies on EAR breed could result in a modulation of sustainable of animal biodiversity potentially impacting livestock control and efficiency.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eastern Anatolian Red, Ex-situ rearing, Conservation of biodiversity, Calf, Morphological Characteristic

Kaynakça

• Alderson, L. (1992). The categorisation of types and breeds of cattle in Europe. Archivos de Zootecnia, 41: 325–344.
• Bahashwan, S. (2016). Effect of some environmental factors on weaning weight of Dhofari calves. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 28(10): 184-191.
• Bazzi, H. and Ghazaghi, M. (2011). The Effect of some environmental factors affecting on the weaning weight of Sistani beef calves. Journal of Animal Vetarinary Advances, 10(17): 2240-2243.
• Bujko, J., Candrak, J., Strapak, P., Zitny, J., Hrncar, C. and Koristek, J. (2019). Evaluation the birth weight of calves in selected herds of Slovak Spotted cattle. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 52(1): 48-51.
• Bures, D., Barton, L., Zahradkova, R., Teslik, V. and Fiedlerova, M. (2008). Calving difficulty as related to body weights and measurements of cows and calves in a herd of Gascon breed. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 53(5): 187–194.
• Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
• Edıng, J. H. and Laval, G. (2002). Measuring Genetic Uniqueness in Livestock. In Gene Banks and The Conservation Of Farm Animal Genetic Resources, 3rd ed.; Institute of Animal Science and Health: Lysted, CA, USA, 33–58.
• Garcıa-Lamazares, J. L. (2008). The Veterinarian in Bullfighting Shows; Official College of Veterinarians of Leon: Leon, Spain, 210 (In Spanish).
• Halimi, A.H., Karaca, C. and Büyüktaş, D. (2023). Evaluation of NASA POWER Climatic Data against Ground-Based Observations in The Mediterranean and Continental Regions of Turkey. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 20(1): 104-114.
• Kayastha, R. B., Zaman, G. and Goswami, R. N. (2008). Studies on the birth weight of indigenous cattle of Assam. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 42 (3): 230-231.
• Koçyiğit, R., Aydın, R., Yanar, M., Güler, O., Diler, A., Avcı, M., Özyürek, S., Kabakcı, D. and Hirik, E. N. (2015). Effects of weaning ages on the growth, feed conversion efficiency and some behavioral traits of Brown Swiss x Eastern Anatolian Red F1 calves. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21: 492-499.
• Kopuzlu, S., Esenbuga, N., Onenc, A., Macit, M., Yanar, M., Yuksel, S., Ozluturk, A. and Unlu, N. (2018). Effects of slaughter age and muscle type on meat quality characteristics of Eastern Anatolian Red bulls. Archives Animal Breeding, 61: 497–504.
• Nahar, S., Islam, A. F. M. F., Hoque, M. A. and Bhuiyan, A. K. F. H. (2016). Animal performance of indigenous Red Chittagong cattle in Bangladesh. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences- Maringa, 38(2): 177-182.
• Ozdemır, M. and Dogru, U. (2009). Determination of phylogenetic relationships of Turkish native cattle breeds with other cattle breeds using mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence polymorphism. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 22(7): 955 – 961.
• Özlütürk, A., Esenbuğa, N., Yanar, M., Ünlü, N., Macit, M. and Kopuzlu, S. (2008). The effect of duration of finishing period on the performance, slaughter, carcass, and beef quality characteristics of Eastern Anatolian Red Bulls. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 32(6): 441-448.
• Özlütürk, A., Güler, O., Yanar, M., Akbulut, Ö., Ünlü, N., Kopuzlu, S. and Biberoğlu, Ö. (2006). The effect of initial age of fattening on the fattening performans and carcass traits of Eastern Anatolian Red cattle reared in eastern Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5: 566 - 569.
• Özlütürk, A., Tüzemen, N., Yanar, M., Esenbuga, N. and Dursun, E. (2004). Fattening performance, carcass traits and meat quality characteristics of calves sired by Charolais, Simmental and Eastern Anatolian Red sires mated to Eastern Anatolian Red dams. Meat Science, 67(3): 463-470.
• Putra, W.P. B., Sumadi, S., Hartatik, T. and Saumar, H. (2014). Analysis of newborn calves measurement for early selection analysis in Aceh Bulls at The Breeding Station. Animal Production, 16(2): 71-77.
• Said, S., Agung, P. P., Putra, W. P. B., Anwar, S., Wulandari, A. S. and Sudiro, A. (2016). Estimation of most probable producing ability value for calf birth's performance in Sumba Ongole cows. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 41(2): 53-60.
• Sakar, M. Ç. and Zülkadir, U. (2022). Determination of some growth and development characteristics between birth and twelve months age in Yerli Kara cattle. Journal of Agricultural Science, 28(1): 33-39.
• Soysal, M. İ., Aksel, M., Tuna Y. T., Genç, S. and Gürcan, E. S. (2016). Establishment of linear type scoring technique in Anatolian Buffalos Raised in Istanbul. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 13(3): 143-155.
• SPSS (2004). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Inc., 444 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611.
• Tao, H., Guo, F., Tu, Y., Si, W. B., Xing, Y. C., Huang, D. J. and Diao, Q. Y. (2018). Effect of weaning age on growth performance, feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility and blood-biochemical parameters in Droughtmaster crossbred beef calves. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 31(6): 864-872.
• Ulutas, Z., Akbulut, Ö., Tüzemen, N. and Özlütürk, A. (1996). Growth and development in EAR calves weaned in different periods. Livestocks Studies, 36 (2): 54-67.
• Ulutaş, Z., Saatçi, M. and Özlütürk, A. (2001). Prediction of body weights from body measurements in East Anatolian Red calves. Atatürk University Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 32 (1): 61- 65.
• Ünlü, N., Yanar, M., Esenbuga, N., Ozluturk, A., Yüksel, S. and Macit, M. (2008). Effect of days on feed on the performance and carcass characteristics of Eastern Anatolian Red young bulls. Journal Applied Animal Research, 34: 163–168.
• Üresin, E. R. (1936): Studies on Kars dairy farming. T.R. From the Studies of the Higher Institute of Agriculture, No: 14, Ankara.
• Vaz, R. Z., Lobato, J. F. P., Restle, J., Conceiçao, V. G. D., Ferreira, O. G. L., Costa, J. L. B. and Eloy, L. R. (2020). Performance of calves born in different periods of the calving season in intensive beef cattle farming. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 72 (5): 1874 -1880.
• Wang, C., Li, D., Yang, J., Xia, Y., Tu, Y., White, R., Gao, H., Diao, Q. and Mao, H. (2020). Weaning performance of beef cattle calves based on concentrate intake. Animals, 10(18): 18-31.
• Wickramasinghe, J., Kaya, C.A., Beitz, D. and Appuhamy, R. (2022). Early stepdown weaning of dairy calves with glutamine and branched-chain amino acid supplementations. Animals, 12: 1474.
• Yıldız, N., Aygen, S. and Özçelik, M. (2008). Milk, fertility and body measurements of Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) cows raised under Elazıg conditions, II. Milk yield characteristics, body measurements, body weight, calf birth weight and viability. Fırat University Journal of Health Sciences, 22 (5): 261 – 266 (In Turkish).
• Yüksel, S. (2019a). A study on the local situation of the Eastern Anatolian Red (DAK) cattle breed and the effect of breeding methods on some breed characters. Livestocks Studies, 59(2): 64 – 71 (In Turkish)
• Yüksel, S. (2019b). Effects of housing condition, feeding style, and age on fattening performances, comfort, and some slaughterhouse characteristics in Eastern Anatolian Red bulls. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 43: 650-655.
• Yüksel, S., Karaçuhalılar, A., Balta, B., Şimşek, U., Yüksel, F., Memiş, M. and Çelik, M. (2021). The effect of age, birth weight and milk suction time on some carcass characteristics and Load Distribution Ratio (LDR): Eastern Anatolian Red Cattle Example In Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade), 66(1): 53-65.
• Yüksel, S., Karaçuhalılar, A., Yüksel, F. and Balta, B. (2019). Effect of housing condition, feding style anda ge on meat colour, and some carcass characteristics in Eastern Anatolian Red bulls. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(5): 750-756.
• Yüksel, S., Yanar, M., Aksu, M.İ., Kopuzlu, S., Kaban, G., Sezgin, E. and Öz, F. (2012). Effects of different finishing systems on carcass traits, fatty acid composition, and beef quality characteristics of young Eastern Anatolian Red bulls. Tropical Animal Health And Production, 44: 1524 - 1528.