Research on the morphological and molecular diagnosis of Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy)

Öz

Aphids are one of the most important groups of insects that cause damage to agricultural crops, ornamental plants, as well as herbaceous and woody plants in their natural habitats. Aphids that feed on plant sap can cause significant crop losses worldwide, ranging from 70% to 80%, due to stunted growth, deformation, wilting, and other detrimental effects on plants. Despite the chemical, biological, and integrated pest management methods applied against these damages, aphids have rapidly expanded their distribution areas and their damages have been increasing in recent times. Hyalopterus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a genus of aphids, are known worldwide as pests that infest Prunus trees, which are stone fruit trees. They cause damage by feeding on the trees and also by transmitting plant viruses. Subsequently, improper and indiscriminate use of chemical control methods negatively impacts both human and environmental health. Accurate identification of aphids, especially in terms of invasive species, is crucial for early detection of their damages in the initial stages. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is an effective gene region used in the identification of many economically important plant pests worldwide. In this study, a total of 50 individuals of Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) were collected from three localities Şarköy (Ulaman, Bulgurlu, Gölcük, Cumhuriyet, Mürefte, Hoşköy, Gaziköy, Tepeköy, Palamut), Süleymanpaşa (Yüzüncüyıl, Altınova, Banarlı, Barboros, Bıyıkali, Çınarlı, Değirmenaltı, Ferhadanlı, Hürriyet, Karacakılavuz, Karaevli, Naip, Namık Kemal and Marmaraereğlisi (Bahçelievler, Cedit Ali Paşa, Dereağzı, Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Sultanköy, Türkmenli, Yakuplu and Yeniçiftlik) in Tekirdağ province. The species H11, H41, and H61, which were selected to represent three counties, were sequenced, and the molecular sequence results revealed that H. pruni, as morphologically described, showed 99% consistency at the molecular level.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aphid
• Hyolopterus pruni
• molecular diagnosis
• Tekirdag

Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy)'nin morfolojik ve moleküler teşhisi üzerine araştırma

Öz

Yaprakbitleri tarım ürünleri, süs bitkileri, otsu ve odunsu bitkilere zarar veren en önemli böcek gruplarından biridir. Bitki özsuyu ile beslenen yaprakbitleri, bitkilerde bodulaşma, deformasyon, solma ve diğer zararlı etkileri nedeniyle dünya çapında %70 ila %80 arasında değişen önemli ürün kayıplarına neden olmaktadırlar. Bu zararlarına karşı uygulanan kimyasal, biyolojik ve entegre zararlı mücadele yöntemlerine rağmen yaprakbitleri son zamanlarda yayılma alanlarını hızla genişletmekte ve zararlarını arttırmaktadırlar. Hyalopterus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) cinsine ait türler sert çekirdekli meyve ağaçları olan Prunus ağaçlarını istila eden zararlılar olarak dünya çapında bilinmektedir. Ağaçlarda beslenerek bitki virus vektörlüğü yaparak zarar verirler. Yaprakbitlerini doğru teşhisi, özellikle istilacı türler açısından, zararlarının başlangıç aşamalarında erken tespit için hayati öneme sahiptir. Yaprakbitleri taksonomistleri tür düzeyinde teşhisleri, konukçubitkilere dayalı tanı anahtarları kullanarak morfolojik özelliklere göre yapmaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte, yaprakbitleri gibi yüksek fenotipik çeşitliliğe sahip gruplarda, bu tanı anahtarları bazen yetersiz kalabilir. Mitokondriyal sitokrom c oksidaz alt ünitesi I (COI) geni, dünya genelinde birçok ekonomik öneme sahip bitki zararlılarının teşhisinde etkin kullanılan bir gen bölgesidir. Bu çalışmada, Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) türünden toplam 50 birey, Tekirdağ ilindeki Şarköy (Ulaman, Bulgurlu, Gölcük, Cumhuriyet, Mürefte, Hoşköy, Gaziköy, Tepeköy, Palamut), Süleymanpaşa (Yüzüncüyıl, Altınova, Banarlı, Barboros, Bıyıkali, Çınarlı, Değirmenaltı, Ferhadanlı, Hürriyet, Karacakılavuz, Karaevli, Naip, Namık Kemal) ve Marmaraereğlisi (Bahçelievler, Cedit Ali Paşa, Dereağzı, Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Sultanköy, Türkmenli, Yakuplu ve Yeniçiftlik) bölgelerinden toplanmıştır. Üç ilçeyi temsil etmek üzere seçilen H11, H41 ve H61 türleri dizi olarak alınmış ve moleküler dizi sonuçları, morfolojik olarak tanımlanan H. pruni'nin moleküler düzeyde %99 uyumluluk gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaprakbiti
• Hyalopterus pruni
• COI
• moleküler tanı
• Tekirdağ

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