Araştırma Makalesi
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Propilen Oksitin Tek Başına ve Düşük Basınç veya Karbondioksit ile Birlikte Plodia interpunctella Hübner'in (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) Yaşam Evreleri Üzerindeki Toksisitesi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 07.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1385156

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, metil bromide alternatif olarak propilen oksit (PO)'in Plodia interpunctella'nın hızlı ve etkili kontrolü için potansiyel kullanımını araştırmaktır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma çerçevesinde PO'un üç farklı koşullar altındaki [normal atmosfer basınçta (yalnız PO), 100 mm Hg düşük basınç (PO + vakum) ve %92 CO2 atmosferinde (PO + CO2)] P. interpunctella'nın tüm biyolojik evreleri (yumurta, larva, pupa ve ergin) üzerindeki toksisite değerlerine [Lethal konsantrasyon50 (LC50) ve Lethal konsantrasyon90 (LC90)] belirlenmesine yönelik laboratuvar çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Lethal konsantrasyon testleri sonuçlarına göre, P. interpunctella'nın tüm biyolojik evrelerine yönelik en yüksek toksisite PO + vakum kombinasyonunda bulunurken, bunu sırasıyla PO + CO2 kombinasyonu ve yalnızca PO uygulaması izlemiştir. PO + vakum kombinasyonunda; PO'nun tek başına uygulanmasıyla karşılaştırıldığında, P. interpunctella'nın tüm yaşam evreleri için LC90 değerinde %2.07 ile %4.04 kat arasında değişen bir azalma olurken, PO + CO2 kombinasyonunda ise %1.24 ile %1.95 kat arasında değişen bir azalma olduğu saptanmıştır. LC90 değerindeki azalmanın PO + vakum uygulamasında PO+CO2 uygulamasına göre daha belirgin olduğu ve düşük basınç (100 mm Hg) ve yüksek karbondioksit içeriğinin (%92 CO2) PO'nun P. interpunctella'ya karşı toksisitesi üzerinde sinerjistik bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Lethal konsantrasyon testleri sonuçlarına göre, PO'nun P. interpunctella’nın yaşam evrelerine karşı farklı toksisite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda, genel olarak P. interpunctella larva ve pupaları tek başına PO, PO + vakum ve PO + CO2 uygulamalarına karşı en dayanıklı dönemler olurken, en hassas dönemlerin ergin ve yumurtalarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dört saat boyunca tek başına PO'ya maruz bırakıldığında LC90'daki yaşam evreleri arasındaki tolerans sırasının pupa> larva > ergin> yumurta şeklinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, PO'nun böcek kontaminasyonunda hızlı kontrol için umut verici bir alternatif fumigant olabileceğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ancak, bu uygulamaların pratikte kullanılabilirliğini kesinleştirmek ve ticari ölçekte uygulanabilirliğini belirlemek için daha büyük ölçekli denemelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, yüksek lisans tez çalışmasının verilerini içermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alagöz, V. and Sağlam, Ö. (2022). Insecticidal efficacy of some Turkish diatomaceous earth deposits against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) on paddy. Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 19(2): 446-455.
  • Bilgili, Y. (2015). Evaluation of propylene oxide as an alternative fumigant to methyl bromide in quarantine applications of stored product pests. (MSc. Thesis) Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science, Department of Plant Protection, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.
  • Celik, N., Sullivan, G., Ozman-Sullivan, S. and Ocal, H. (2008). Insect pests of stored hazelnuts in Samsun province, Turkey. VII International Congress on Hazelnut, 23-27 June, P. 515-520, Viterbo, Italy.
  • Daglish, G. J., Nayak, M. K. and Pavic, H. (2014) Phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.) from eastern Australia: Inheritance, fitness, and prevalence. Journal of Stored Products Research, 59: 237-244.
  • Ferizli, A. G. and Emekçi, M. (2013). Control of Stored Product Pests by Chemical and Non-Chemical Methods. National Plumbing Engineering Congress, 17-20 April, P. 3-12, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Gautam, S., Opit, G. and Hosoda, E. (2016). Phosphine resistance in adult and immature life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) populations in California. Journal of Economic Entomology (109): 2525-2533.
  • Işikber, A. A., Navarro, S., Finkelman, S., Azrieli, A., Rindner, M. and Dias, R. (2002). Propylene oxide as a potential alternative to methyl bromide. 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 22-26 July, P. 823-826, York, U. K.
  • Işikber, A. A., Navarro, S., Finkelman, S. and Rindner, M. (2006) Propylene Oxide: A potential quarantine and pre-shipment fumigant for disinfestation of nuts. Phytoparasitica 34: 412-419.
  • Işikber, A. A., Oztekin, S., Dayisoylu, K. S. and Duman, A. D. (2012). Propylene Oxide as Potential Quarantine Fumigant for Insect Disinfestation of Dried Figs. 9th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, 15-19 October, P. 345-352, Antalya, Türkiye.
  • Işikber, A. A., Tunaz, H., Athanassiou, C. G., Bilgili, Y. and Er, M. K. (2017). Toxicity of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against life stages of Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under laboratory conditions. Crop Protection, 98: 56-60.
  • Küçüktopcu, Y. (2023). Determination of the effects of some plant extracts and inert powders on Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col.: Dermestidae) and Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lep.: Pyralidae). (PhD. Thesis) Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, Samsun, Türkiye.
  • Küçüktopcu, Y. and Işıkber, A. A. (2024a). Evaluation of propylene oxide as an alternative fumigant to methyl bromide against dry fruit moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 27(3): 594-603.
  • Küçüktopçu, Y. and Işıkber, A. A. (2024b). Evaluation of propylene oxide fumigation against Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in dried figs and hazelnuts. Plant Protection Bulletin, 64(1): 14-22.
  • Küçüktopçu, Y. and Işıkber, A. A. (2024c). The effects of propylene oxide fumigation on the mortality of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 10(1): 117-131.
  • LeOra Software (1987). POLO-PC user's guide to probit or logit analysis. LeOra, Berkeley, California, USA. Meylan, W., Papa, L., De Rosa, C. and Stara, J. (1986). Chemical of current interest propylene oxide: health and environmental effects profile. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2(3): 219-260.
  • Navarro, S., Işıkber, A., Finkelman, S., Rindner, M., Azrieli, A. and Dias, R. (2004). Effectiveness of short exposures of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 40(2): 197-205.
  • Phillips, T. W., Thoms, E. M., DeMark, J. and Walse, S. (2012). Fumigation. In: Stored Product Protection, Ed(s): Hagstrum, D. V., Phillips, T. W., Cuperus, G., Kansas State University, U. S. A.
  • Sağlam, Ö., Edde, P. A. and Phillips, T. W. (2015). Resistance of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) to fumigation with phosphine. Journal of Economic Entomology 108(5): 2489-2495.
  • Schneider, S. M., Rosskopf, E. N., Leesch, J. G., Chellemi, D. O., Bull, C. T. and Mazzola, M. (2003). Research on alternatives to methyl bromide: pre-plant and post-harvest. Pest Management Science, 59: 814-826.
  • Sular, M., Sağlam, Ö. and Işıkber, A. A. (2019). Determination of residual toxicity of spinetoram against cowpea weevil, (Callasobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchninae). Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 16(2): 133-143.
  • Tütüncü, Ş. and Emekçi, M. (2014) The effect of phosphine gas on different aged pupae of the dried fig pest Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(4): 399-405.
  • UNEP (1995). Montreal Protocol on Substance that Deplete the Ozone layer. Methyl bromide Technical Option Committee, Kenya.
  • Zettler, J. L., Hartsell, P. L., Allred, D. B., Muhareb, J. S., Hurley, J. M. and Gill, R. F. (2002). Sorption and Insect Toxicity of Propylene Oxide in Dried Fruits and Nuts. 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 22-26 July, p. 823-826, York, U. K.

Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 07.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1385156

Öz

The primary objective of this research was to explore the viability of employing propylene oxide (PO) as an alternative fumigant to methyl bromide for effectively and rapidly controlling Plodia interpunctella infestations. To this end, laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine the toxicity levels—Lethal Concentration50 (LC50) and Lethal Concentration90 (LC90)—of PO under three conditions: normal pressure (PO alone), low pressure of 100 mm Hg (PO + vacuum), and in the presence of 92% CO2 (PO + CO2) against all developmental stages of P. interpunctella (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) for short exposure time (4 hours). The results of the lethal concentration tests indicated that the most toxic treatment against all biological stages of P. interpunctella was the combination of PO and vacuum, followed by the PO + CO2 combination and PO alone treatment. Compared to the toxicity values with PO alone treated, there was a significant reduction in LC90 values ranging from 2.07 to 4.04 times for all biological stages of P. interpunctella when PO was treated under vacuum. In the case of the PO+CO2 combination, there was also a notable decrease in LC90 values ranging from 1.24 to 1.95 times. Toxicity data revealed a significantly higher reduction in LC90 values with the PO + vacuum compared to PO+CO2 treatment and suggests a synergistic effect of the combination of PO with 100 mm Hg vacuum and 92% CO2 on biological stages of P. interpunctella. According to the results of lethal concentration tests, it was determined that PO showed different toxicity against the life stages of P. interpunctella. As a result of the study, in general, P. interpunctella larvae and pupae were the most resistant to PO alone, PO + vacuum, and PO + CO2 treatments, while P. interpunctella adults and eggs were the most sensitive. When exposed to PO alone for 4 hours, the order of tolerance between life stages at LC90 was found to be pupa > larva > adult > egg. The results of the study revealed that PO could be a promising alternative fumigant for rapid control of insect contamination. However, further research and testing in real-storage conditions will be essential to validate the practical viability of implementing PO-based fumigation on a larger scale.

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

This study includes the data of the master's thesis.

Kaynakça

  • Alagöz, V. and Sağlam, Ö. (2022). Insecticidal efficacy of some Turkish diatomaceous earth deposits against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) on paddy. Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 19(2): 446-455.
  • Bilgili, Y. (2015). Evaluation of propylene oxide as an alternative fumigant to methyl bromide in quarantine applications of stored product pests. (MSc. Thesis) Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science, Department of Plant Protection, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.
  • Celik, N., Sullivan, G., Ozman-Sullivan, S. and Ocal, H. (2008). Insect pests of stored hazelnuts in Samsun province, Turkey. VII International Congress on Hazelnut, 23-27 June, P. 515-520, Viterbo, Italy.
  • Daglish, G. J., Nayak, M. K. and Pavic, H. (2014) Phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.) from eastern Australia: Inheritance, fitness, and prevalence. Journal of Stored Products Research, 59: 237-244.
  • Ferizli, A. G. and Emekçi, M. (2013). Control of Stored Product Pests by Chemical and Non-Chemical Methods. National Plumbing Engineering Congress, 17-20 April, P. 3-12, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Gautam, S., Opit, G. and Hosoda, E. (2016). Phosphine resistance in adult and immature life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) populations in California. Journal of Economic Entomology (109): 2525-2533.
  • Işikber, A. A., Navarro, S., Finkelman, S., Azrieli, A., Rindner, M. and Dias, R. (2002). Propylene oxide as a potential alternative to methyl bromide. 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 22-26 July, P. 823-826, York, U. K.
  • Işikber, A. A., Navarro, S., Finkelman, S. and Rindner, M. (2006) Propylene Oxide: A potential quarantine and pre-shipment fumigant for disinfestation of nuts. Phytoparasitica 34: 412-419.
  • Işikber, A. A., Oztekin, S., Dayisoylu, K. S. and Duman, A. D. (2012). Propylene Oxide as Potential Quarantine Fumigant for Insect Disinfestation of Dried Figs. 9th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, 15-19 October, P. 345-352, Antalya, Türkiye.
  • Işikber, A. A., Tunaz, H., Athanassiou, C. G., Bilgili, Y. and Er, M. K. (2017). Toxicity of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against life stages of Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under laboratory conditions. Crop Protection, 98: 56-60.
  • Küçüktopcu, Y. (2023). Determination of the effects of some plant extracts and inert powders on Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col.: Dermestidae) and Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lep.: Pyralidae). (PhD. Thesis) Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, Samsun, Türkiye.
  • Küçüktopcu, Y. and Işıkber, A. A. (2024a). Evaluation of propylene oxide as an alternative fumigant to methyl bromide against dry fruit moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 27(3): 594-603.
  • Küçüktopçu, Y. and Işıkber, A. A. (2024b). Evaluation of propylene oxide fumigation against Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in dried figs and hazelnuts. Plant Protection Bulletin, 64(1): 14-22.
  • Küçüktopçu, Y. and Işıkber, A. A. (2024c). The effects of propylene oxide fumigation on the mortality of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 10(1): 117-131.
  • LeOra Software (1987). POLO-PC user's guide to probit or logit analysis. LeOra, Berkeley, California, USA. Meylan, W., Papa, L., De Rosa, C. and Stara, J. (1986). Chemical of current interest propylene oxide: health and environmental effects profile. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2(3): 219-260.
  • Navarro, S., Işıkber, A., Finkelman, S., Rindner, M., Azrieli, A. and Dias, R. (2004). Effectiveness of short exposures of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 40(2): 197-205.
  • Phillips, T. W., Thoms, E. M., DeMark, J. and Walse, S. (2012). Fumigation. In: Stored Product Protection, Ed(s): Hagstrum, D. V., Phillips, T. W., Cuperus, G., Kansas State University, U. S. A.
  • Sağlam, Ö., Edde, P. A. and Phillips, T. W. (2015). Resistance of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) to fumigation with phosphine. Journal of Economic Entomology 108(5): 2489-2495.
  • Schneider, S. M., Rosskopf, E. N., Leesch, J. G., Chellemi, D. O., Bull, C. T. and Mazzola, M. (2003). Research on alternatives to methyl bromide: pre-plant and post-harvest. Pest Management Science, 59: 814-826.
  • Sular, M., Sağlam, Ö. and Işıkber, A. A. (2019). Determination of residual toxicity of spinetoram against cowpea weevil, (Callasobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchninae). Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 16(2): 133-143.
  • Tütüncü, Ş. and Emekçi, M. (2014) The effect of phosphine gas on different aged pupae of the dried fig pest Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(4): 399-405.
  • UNEP (1995). Montreal Protocol on Substance that Deplete the Ozone layer. Methyl bromide Technical Option Committee, Kenya.
  • Zettler, J. L., Hartsell, P. L., Allred, D. B., Muhareb, J. S., Hurley, J. M. and Gill, R. F. (2002). Sorption and Insect Toxicity of Propylene Oxide in Dried Fruits and Nuts. 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 22-26 July, p. 823-826, York, U. K.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Tarımda Entomoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yeter Küçüktopcu 0000-0002-2104-5764

Ali Arda Işıkber 0000-0003-1213-3532

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 2 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Küçüktopcu, Y., & Işıkber, A. A. (2026). Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera). Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1385156
AMA 1.Küçüktopcu Y, Işıkber AA. Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera). JOTAF. 2026;23(1):1-8. doi:10.33462/jotaf.1385156
Chicago Küçüktopcu, Yeter, ve Ali Arda Işıkber. 2026. “Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 23 (1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1385156.
EndNote Küçüktopcu Y, Işıkber AA (01 Ocak 2026) Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera). Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 23 1 1–8.
IEEE [1]Y. Küçüktopcu ve A. A. Işıkber, “Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)”, JOTAF, c. 23, sy 1, ss. 1–8, Oca. 2026, doi: 10.33462/jotaf.1385156.
ISNAD Küçüktopcu, Yeter - Işıkber, Ali Arda. “Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 23/1 (01 Ocak 2026): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1385156.
JAMA 1.Küçüktopcu Y, Işıkber AA. Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera). JOTAF. 2026;23:1–8.
MLA Küçüktopcu, Yeter, ve Ali Arda Işıkber. “Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 23, sy 1, Ocak 2026, ss. 1-8, doi:10.33462/jotaf.1385156.
Vancouver 1.Küçüktopcu Y, Işıkber AA. Toxicity of Propylene Oxide Alone and Combined with Low Pressure or Carbon Dioxide on the Life Stages of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera). JOTAF [Internet]. 01 Ocak 2026;23(1):1-8. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA67HN95CL