Buğday Bitkisi Rizosferinden Yararlı Bakterilerin İzolasyonu ve Bitki Büyümesini Teşvik Edici Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Önemli bir gıda ve sanayi ürünü olan buğday, dünyada yaygın bir şekilde yetiştirilen bitkilerden biridir. Bitki verimliliğini artırmak için çevre dostu alternatif yöntemlere ihtiyaç vardır. Bitki büyümesini teşvik eden rizobakteriler (PGPR), bitki köklerini aktif olarak kolonize ederek bitki büyümesini ve üretimini doğrudan veya dolaylı bir şekilde destekler. Bu çalışmada, Mayıs 2019'da Türkiye'de Kırşehir'in 6 ilçesinde (Akpınar, Boztepe, Kaman, Mucur, Akçakent, Çiçekdağı) buğday tarlalarının rizosferik toprak örneklerinden 49 izolat elde edilmiş ve izolatların biyokimyasal ve MALDI-TOF kütle spektrometrisi yöntemiyle teşhisleri yapılmıştır. MALDI-TOF MS sonuçlarına göre 14 farklı cinse ait 49 izolat tanımlanmıştır. 49 izolat içerisinde ilk üç sırada Bacillus, Pseudomonas ve Pseudarthrobacter cinsleri yer almaktadır. Bu izolatların bitki büyümesini teşvik edici özellikleri (inorganik fosfat çözünürlüğü, siderofor üretimi, azot fiksasyonu, HCN (Hydrogen cyanide) üretimi, IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) üretimi) tarandı. 49 izolattan 4'ünün (MH-50-6, MH-50-7, MH-60-1, and MH-60-3) inorganik fosfatı çözdüğü, 13'ünün (MH-28-1, MH-34-3, MH-34-8, MH-39-1, MH-39-3, MH-39-7, MH-50-8, MH-55-3, MH-55-7, MH-55-9, MH-60-1, MH-60-3, MH-60-5) azot fiksasyonu yaptığı, 9'unun (MH-34-5, MH-34-8, MH-39-5, MH-50-6, MH-50-7, MH-50-8, MH-55-6, MH-60-1, MH-60-3) siderofor ürettiği, 8'inin (MH-28-1, MH-34-2, MH-34-4, MH-34-5, MH-39-1, MH-55-3, MH-60-2, MH-60-5) HCN ürettiği, 4'ünün (MH-34-8, MH-50-4, MH-50-8, MH-55-9) ise IAA ürettiği belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, yerli PGPR (Pseudarthrobacter oxydans MH-34-8, Pseudomonas jessenii MH-50-8, Arthrobacter crystallopoietes MH-60-1, Aromatoleum evansii MH-60-3) izolatları en az 3 bitki büyümesini teşvik edici özellikleri bakımından pozitif sonuçlar vermiştir. Bu çalışma, Kırşehir'de (Türkiye) buğdaydan izole edilen büyümeyi teşvik eden bitkiler üzerine yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Bu çalışma, bölgede yayılış gösteren yerel bakteri türleri ile etkili mikrobiyal gübre hazırlanmasına ve yerel kültür koleksiyonlarının varlığına ışık tutacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Buğday
• PGPR
• Yararlı bakteriler
• Rizosfer

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Isolation of Beneficial Bacteria from Wheat Plant Rhizosphere and Determination of PGP (Plant Growth Promoting) Properties

Öz

Wheat, an important food and industrial product, is one of the most widely grown plants in the world. Environmentally friendly alternative methods are needed to increase plant productivity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) directly or indirectly promote plant growth and production by actively colonizing plant roots. In the current study, 49 isolates were obtained from rhizospheric soil samples of wheat fields in 6 districts of Kırşehir (Akpınar, Boztepe, Kaman, Mucur, Akçakent, Çiçekdağı) in May 2019 and the isolates were identified biochemically and by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The MALDI-TOF MS results showed that 49 isolates from 14 distinct genera could be identified. Among the isolates, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Pseudarthrobacter ranked first through third. Plant growth promoting properties of these isolates (inorganic phosphate solubilisation, siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, HCN (Hydrogen cyanide) production, IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) production) were screened. Among 49 isolates, 4 isolates (MH-50-6, MH-50-7, MH-60-1, and MH-60-3) dissolved inorganic phosphate, and 13 isolates (MH-28-1, MH-34-3, MH-34-8, MH-39-1, MH-39-3, MH-39-7, MH-50-8, MH-55-3, MH-55-7, MH-55-9, MH-60-1, MH-60-3, MH-60-5) nitrogen fixed, on the other hand, 9 isolates (MH-34-5, MH-34-8, MH-39-5, MH-50-6, MH-50-7, MH-50-8, MH-55-6, MH-60-1, MH-60-3) produced siderophores, 8 isolates (MH-28-1, MH-34-2, MH-34-4, MH-34-5, MH-39-1, MH-55-3, MH-60-2, MH-60-5) produced HCN, while 4 isolates (MH-34-8, MH-50-4, MH-50-8, MH-55-9) was determined to produce IAA. In conclusion, indigenous PGPR (Pseudarthrobacter oxydans MH-34-8, Pseudomonas jessenii MH-50-8, Arthrobacter crystallopoietes MH-60-1, Aromatoleum evansii MH-60-3) isolates gave positive results for at least 3 plant growth-promoting properties. The present study is the first study on growth-promoting plants isolated from wheat in Kırşehir (Turkey). This study will illuminate the preparation of effective microbial fertilizer with local bacterial species that spread in the region and the availability of local culture collections.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Wheat
• PGPR
• Beneficial bacteria
• Rhizosphere

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Kaynakça

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