Akdeniz Koşullarında Yüzeyüstü ve Yüzeyaltı Damla Sulama Yöntemleriyle Sulanan Sorgumun Bitki Su Stresi İndeksinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Son yıllarda artan kuraklığın olumsuz etkilerinden dolayı, yüzey altı damla sulama yöntemi önem kazanmıştır. Yeni geliştirilen bir yöntem olduğu için yüzey altı ve yüzey üstü damla sulama yöntemlerinin etkisinin hem bitki gelişimi ve verim parametreleri hem de su tasarrufu açısından karşılaştırılması gerekmektedir. Bitki su stresi indeksi (CWSI), bitkideki su durumunu gösteren önemli bir index olup, verim ve bitki gelişim parametreleri ile yakından ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sorgumun biyoetanol üretim amacı ile yetiştirildiği düşünüldüğünde, su kaynaklarını verimli kullanan ve su kullanım etkinliğini arttıran bir sulama yöntemi üretiminin sürdürülebilir olmasını sağlayacak en önemli uygulama olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sorgumda yüzey (SDI) ve yüzeyaltı (SSDI) damla sulama yöntemlerinde hesaplanan bitki su stres indeksinin (CWSI) karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada CWSI ile bazı fizyolojik parametreler (yaprak sayısı, yaprak alanı indeksi, klorofil içeriği) ve biyoetanol, özsu verimi arasındaki ilişkiler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, Antalya bölgesinde 2017 yılında tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç yinelemeli olarak yürütülmüştür. Deneme konuları, kullanılabilir su tutma kapasitesinin farklı oranları olacak şekilde beş farklı (%100, %75, %50, %25 ve %0) su uygulama düzeyi yüzey (SDI) ve yüzeyaltı (SSDI) damla sulama yöntemlerinde oluşturularak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak sorgum bitkisi için Akdeniz koşullarında üst sınır değeri 5.5oC, alt sınır denklemi ise Tc-Ta = -1.96*VPD-0.08 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Deneme süresince, SDI yöntemi ile karşılaştırıldığında SSDI yönteminde hesaplanan CWSI değerlerinin daha düşük olduğu gözlemlendi. Ayrıca sorgumda CWSI arttıkça yaprak sayısı, yaprak alan indeksi ve klorofil içeriği değerlerinin azaldığı ve bunun sonucunda özsu ve biyoetanol veriminin azaldığı saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, sorgumda sulama suyu seviyesi (I)-CWSI, bitki su tüketimi (ET)-CWSI, bitkinin fizyolojik özellikleri (yaprak sayısı, yaprak alan indeksi, klorofil içeriği)-CWSI arasında, özsu verimi-CWSI, biyoethanol verimi-CWSI arasında yüksek düzeyde üstel ilişki ve negatif korelasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. Düşük CWSI ve yüksek biyoetanol verimi dikkate alındığında, sorgum bitkisi için SSDI yönteminin daha uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoetanol verimi
• Özsu verimi
• Yaprak sayısı
• Yaprak alan indeksi
• Klorifil içeriği

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Teşekkür

TÜBİTAK Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu

Assessment of Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) of Sorghum Irrigated by Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation Methods under Mediterranean Conditions

Öz

In recent years, subsurface drip irrigation has become increasingly important in view of the increasing drought. As it is a newly developed method, the effects of subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI) and surface drip irrigation (SDI) need to be compared in terms of plant growth and yield parameters as well as water savings. The CWSI is an important index that indicates the water status in the plant and is closely related to yield and plant development parameters. The aim of the study is to compare the CWSI calculated with the SDI and SSDI methods in sorghum. The relationship between CWSI and physiological parameters (leaf number (LN), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CC)), as well as bioethanol and juice yield are also evaluated in the study. The study was designed in a randomized complete block design to include two drip irrigation methods (SDI and SSDI) and five different irrigation treatments (I0, I25, I50, I75, and I100) in three replications in Antalya in 2017. The full irrigation treatment was applied when 40% of the available soil water capacity in the soil profile of 0-90 cm was depleted, while the deficit irrigation treatments were applied at 75%, 50% and 25% of the full irrigation treatment. Consequently, the upper limit value was calculated as 5.5oC and the lower limit equation was determined as Tc-Ta = -1.96*VPD-0.08 under Mediterranean conditions for the sorghum plant. Compared to the SDI treatments, lower CWSI values were calculated for the SSDI treatments. Additionally, it was determined that as the CWSI increased in sorghum, leaf number, leaf area index, and chlorophyll content values decreased and as a result, juice and bioethanol yield decreased. It was determined that there was a high level of exponential relationship and a strong negative correlation between CWSI-irrigation, CWSI-ET, CWSI-leaf number, CWSI-LAI, CWSI-CC, CWSI-Juice yield, CWSI-bioethanol yield, and CWSI-IWP for both irrigation methods in sorghum. Considering the lower CWSI and higher bioethanol yield, it was concluded that the SSDI method is more suitable for sorghum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bioethanol yield
• Juice yield
• Leaf number
• Leaf area index
• Chlorophyll content

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBITAK Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

TUBITAK Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council

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