Batı Anadolu Bölgesi Tütün Üretim Alanlarından Elde Edilen Tütün Mozaik Virüsü (TMV) İzolatlarının Genetik Çeşitliliği

Öz

Tütün mozaik virüsü (TMV), tarımda yaygın olarak görülen önemli bir bitki virüsüdür. Tarihte virüslerin varlığının ilk kanıtıdır. Konakçı etkileşiminde öncü rol oynayan TMV' nin CP geninin genetik çeşitliliğine ilişkin çalışmalar hem ülkemizde hem de dünyada sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, ülkemizin en yoğun tütün üretimi yapılan bölgelerinden elde edilen 10 TMV izolatı ile gen bankasında bulunan küresel varyantların genetik çeşitlilik analizleri yapılması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ege ve Marmara bölgelerinden (Çanakkale, Balıkesir, İzmir, Manisa, Uşak, Aydın and Denizli) 2019-2020 yılları arasında toplanan 300 bitkiden 32'sinde konvansiyonel moleküler teknikler kullanılarak TMV enfeksiyonu tespit edilmiştir. Genetik karakterizasyon için her bölgeyi temsil edecek şekilde 10 TMV izolatı seçilerek CP gen bölgesine ait nükleotid dizilimlerinin tamamı elde edilmiştir. Türk ve global TMV izolatlarının CP gen bölgesi dizilerinin çoklu dizi analizleri sonucunda nükleotid benzerlik oranları %87.7 ile 100 arasında, amino asit benzerlik oranlarının ise %88.7 ile 100 arasında değişen değerler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Türk izolatlarının kendi içlerinde ise nükleotit düzeyinde %98.5 ile 100, amino asit düzeyinde ise %98.7 ile 100 arasında benzerlik oranları gösterdiği görülmüştür. Gen bankasında kayıtlı tüm bilinen TMV izolatlarının (n=196) CP gen bölgesine göre gerçekleştirilen filogenetik analizleri sonucunda iki ana gruba (I ve II) ve bunlardan da birincisinin de iki alt gruba (Ia ve Ib) ayrıldığı belirlenmiştir. Türk izolatlarının Ia alt grubu içinde I ana grubuna ait olduğu görülmüştür. Bu analizler ile dünyanın farklı coğrafyalarından ve geniş bir konukçu yelpazesinden elde edilen izolatların yanı sıra Türkiye'den elde edilen izolatların da CP gen bölgesine göre genetik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmaların sonucunda; birçok tobamovirus’larda olduğu gibi TMV’nin de yüksek genetik kararlılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• TMV
• Tütün
• RT-PCR
• Filogenetik analiz
• Genetik çeşitlilik

Genetic Diversity of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) isolates from tobacco growing fields of Western Anatolia, Türkiye

Öz

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an important plant virus that is common in agriculture. It is the first evidence of the existence of viruses in history. Studies on the genetic diversity of the CP gene of TMV, which plays a leading role in host interaction, are limited both in our country and around the world. Genetic diversity analyses were conducted on ten isolates of the full CP gene region of TMV obtained from the most intensive tobacco cultivation areas in our country, and compared with global isolates. TMV infection was detected in 32 out of 300 plants collected from the Aegean and Marmara regions (Çanakkale, Balıkesir, İzmir, Manisa, Uşak, Aydın and Denizli) between 2019 and 2020 using conventional molecular techniques. To genetically characterize the virus, 10 samples were selected from each region, and the complete CP gene region sequences were determined. The aligned CP gene region sequences of TMV from Türkiye and its global isolates exhibited nucleotide homology ratios ranging from 87.7% to100%, with amino acid ratios ranging from 88.7% to 100%. The Türkiye isolates displayed similarity rates of 98.5% to 100% at the nucleotide level and 98.7% and 100% at the amino acid level. In phylogenetic analysis, the 196 known isolates of TMV registered in GenBank, belong to the CP gene region, were divided into two main clades (I and II) and two subclades (Ia and Ib). Turkish isolates were clustered in the major branch with the main clade I and subclade Ia isolates. Therefore, genetic analyses were performed on the CP gene region isolates obtained from different parts of the world and a wide range of hosts, including the isolates obtained from Türkiye. The results showed high genetic stability, similar to many tobamoviruses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• TMV
• Tobacco
• RT-PCR
• Phylogenetic analyses
• Genetic diversity

Kaynakça

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