Pamukta İleri Bulk Populasyon Hatlarında Kendileme Depresyonu ve Resiprokal Etki

Öz

Bitki ıslahında geliştirilen melezlerde ana ve baba olarak kullanılan anaçların eşit olmayan katkıları resiprokal farklılıklar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmayı ileri pamuk generasyonlarında farklı bulk popülasyonlarının performansını, kendileme depresyonunu ve resiprokal farklılıkları incelemek amacıyla yürüttük. F4 ve F5 generasyonlarında yer alan 7 farklı melez kombinasyonunu resiprokal melezleri ile birlikte Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Deseninde üç tekerrürlü olarak değerlendirdik. Kütlü pamuk verimi ve lif uzunluğu için her iki generasyonda yer alan çok sayıda kombinasyonda resiprokal farklılıkların önemli olması, bu özellikler için ıslah çalışmasının başlangıcında anaçların ana veya baba olarak kullanılmasının önemini göstermektedir. Buna karşın lif inceliği, lif dayanıklılığı ve çırçır randımanı yönünden ise hatların çoğunluğunda resiprokal farklılıkların önemli olmadığı tespit edildi. F4 ve F5 generasyonlarına ilişkin genel ortalamalarının farkı lif uzunluğu ve lif inceliği yönünden önemli bulundu. F5 generasyonundaki hatların daha uzun ve daha ince liflere sahip olduğu saptandı. Bunlara ek olarak, F4 generasyonu hatlarında tek bitki kütlü pamuk verimi 100,30-160,87 g; çırçır randımanı %41,96-47,17; lif uzunluğu 30,04-32,94 mm; lif inceliği 4,52-5,11 mic. ve lif dayanıklılığı 32,50-34,60 g tex-1 arasında değişirken, F5 generasyonunda tek bitki kütlü verimi 101,11-137,63 g; çırçır randımanı %41,45-46,54; lif uzunluğu 30,55-33,09 mm; lif inceliği 4,24-4,90 mic. ve lif dayanıklılığı ise 32,03-34,30 g tex-1 arasında değişmiştir. Kütlü pamuk verimi için bulunan daha yüksek kendileme depresyonu çırçır randımanı ve lif kalite özelliklerine kıyasla bu özelliğin kontrolünde eklemeli olmayan gen etkilerinin daha baskın olduğunun bir göstergesiydi. Çalışma sonucunda, kütlü pamuk verimi ve lif özellikleri yönünden üstün performans gösteren Carmen × Carisma, Flash × Claudia ve ST-468 × Claudia F5 ileri hatlarının F6 generasyonuna aktarılmasının yararlı olacağı kanısına varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atasal kalıtım
• F4 ve F5
• Lif kalitesi
• Kütlü pamuk verimi
• Seleksiyon

Reciprocal Effect and Inbreeding Depression in Advanced Generations of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Bulk Population

Öz

Reciprocal differences reflect an unequal contribution of male and female parents in plant breeding. We investigated the reciprocal differences, inbreeding depression, and performance of bulk populations in advanced generations. Seven hybrid combinations and their reciprocals were evaluated in F4 and F5 generations in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The significant reciprocal differences in many combinations for seed cotton yield and fiber length in both generations indicated the importance of selecting parents as male or female at the start of breeding work for these traits. In contrast, fiber fineness, fiber strength, and ginning out-turn were generally traits for which the reciprocal differences of the lines were not significant. The difference in general averages of F4 and F5 generations was significant regarding fiber length and fineness. Advanced lines in the F5 generation were found to have longer and finer fibers. In F4 generation lines, seed cotton yield per plant ranged between 100.30-160.87 g; ginning out-turn 41.96-47.17%; fiber length 30.04-32.94 mm; fiber fineness 4.52-5.11 mic. and fiber strength 32. 50-34.60 g tex-1, while these values were 101.11-137.63 g; 41.45-46.54%; 30.55-33.09 mm; 4.24-4.90 mic. and 32.03-34.30 g tex-1 in F5 generation, respectively. The higher inbreeding depression estimates for seed cotton yield indicated that non-additive genes were more predominant in the inheritance of this trait compared to ginning out-turn and fiber quality parameters. As a result of the study, it was concluded that it would be beneficial to transfer Carmen × Carisma, Flash × Claudia, and ST-468 × Claudia F5 advanced lines, which showed superior performance in terms of seed cotton yield and fiber properties, to the F6 generation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• F4 and F5
• Fiber quality
• Parental inheritance
• Seed cotton yield
• Selection

Kaynakça

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