Determination of Plant Parasitic Nematodes by Using Morphological-Morphometric Methods in Some Golf Courses of Antalya Province (Türkiye)

Öz

The importance of green areas in today's modern city concept is increasing day by day. In this understanding, the use of turfgrass [ e.g. Bentgrass (Agrostis spp. L.); Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.); Common Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poales: Poaceae)] in sports fields is getting important. Golf courses mainly occurs turfgrass and not much nematological studies has been done in courses of Türkiye. In this study, total of 51 soil and 3 water samples were taken from golf courses in Antalya, Türkiye’s largest golf tourism destination, in 2021. Within the scope of this study, plant parasitic nematode (PPN) species belonging to the genera Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894 (Tylenchida: Aphelenchoididae), Aphelenchus Bastian, 1865 (Tylenchida: Aphelenchoididae), Criconemella (De Grisse & Loof, 1965) (Tylenchida: Criconematidae), Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae), Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae), Hemicriconemoides Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957 (Tylenchida: Criconematidae), Hemicycliophora de Man, 1921 (Tylenchida: Hemicycliophoridae), Hoplolaimus von Daday, 1905 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae), Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922 (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae), Paratrichodorus Siddiqi, 1974 (Triplonchida: Trichodoridae) and Tylenchus Bastian, 1865 (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) were identified using morphological and morphometric methods. The most detected species in the samples was Hemicycliophora punensis Darekar & Khan, 1980 (Rhabditida: Hemicycliophoridae) (22.22%), while the least detected PPN species was Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) (3.70%). In this study, it is important there are virus vector species among the identified plant parasitic nematode genera. These nematode species can play an active role in the spread of various viral diseases in turfgrass areas. In turfgrass areas where very sensitive cultivation is carried out, such as golf courses, PPN’s cause direct damages by feeding, which serve as the source of entry of pathogens into the plants. This situation increases the prevalence and severity of the disease in infected fields. Therefore, early detection of the presence of PPN’s in cultivation areas is important to determine effective control strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Golf
• Morphological identification
• Plant parasitic nematodes
• Turfgrass

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Antalya İli (Türkiye) Golf Alanlarındaki Bitki Paraziti Nematodların Morfolojik-Morfometrik Yöntemlerle Belirlenmesi

Öz

Günümüz modern şehir anlayışında yeşil alanların önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu anlayış içerisinde çimin [örneğin Bentgrass (Agrostis spp. L.); Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.); Common Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poales: Poaceae)] spor alanlarında kullanımı ise giderek önem arz etmektedir. Golf alanları çimin kullanıldığı ve ülkemizde nematolojik açıdan üzerinde çok fazla çalışmanın yapılmadığı bir alandır. Bu çalışmada, 2021 yılında Türkiye'nin en büyük golf turizmi merkezi olan Antalya'daki golf sahalarından toplam 51 toprak ve 3 su örneği alınmıştır. Yapılan çalışma kapsamında Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894 (Tylenchida: Aphelenchoididae), Aphelenchus Bastian, 1865 (Tylenchida: Aphelenchoididae), Criconemella (De Grisse & Loof, 1965) (Tylenchida: Criconematidae), Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae), Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae), Hemicriconemoides Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957 (Tylenchida: Criconematidae), Hemicycliophora de Man, 1921 (Tylenchida: Hemicycliophoridae), Hoplolaimus von Daday, 1905 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae), Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922 (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae), Paratrichodorus Siddiqi, 1974 (Triplonchida: Trichodoridae) ve Tylenchus Bastian, 1865 (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) cinslerine ait bitki paraziti nematod (BPN) türleri morfolojik morfometrik metodlar kullanılarak tanımlanmıştır. Alınan örneklerde en çok tespit edilen tür Hemicycliophora punensis Darekar & Khan, 1980 (Rhabditida: Hemicycliophoridae) (%22.22) olurken, en az tespit edilen tür ise Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) (%3.70) olmuştur. Bu çalışmada tanılanan bitki paraziti nematod türleri içerisinde virüs vektörü türlerin olması önemlidir. Bu türler çim alanlarında çeşitli viral hastalıkların yayılmalarında etkin rol oynayabilecektir. Golf alanları gibi çok hassas bir yetiştiriciliğin yapıldığı çim alanlarında BPN’lar, beslenerek doğrudan yapmış oldukları zararların yanında toprak kökenli çeşitli hastalık etmenlerinin bitkilere girişlerine de neden olmaktadırlar. Bu da hastalığın yaygınlığını ve şiddetini arttırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla üretim alanlarındaki BPN varlığının erken dönemlerde belirlenmesi etkili mücadele stratejilerinin belirlenmesi için önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Golf
• Morfolojik tanımlama
• Bitki paraziti nematodlar
• Çim

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Kaynakça

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