Impact of Ultrasonic Pre-Treatments on Germination and Initial Seedling Growth of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

Öz

Although common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is a very important forage legume plant, some varieties have a dormancy problem due to the hardness of the seed coat. So far, studies on breaking this dormancy seen in common vetch seeds have been quite limited. This research was carried out to determine the effects of ultrasonic pre-treatments applied to common vetch seeds under laboratory conditions on germination and initial seedling growth. Ultrasonic pre-treatment (US) was applied to common vetch seeds at a frequency of 47 kH for 0 -control-, 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes, respectively. The experiment was designed according to a completely randomized plot trial design with 4 replications. In the research, germination percentage (GP-%-), mean germination time (MGT-day-), germination rate index (GRI-%-), shoot and root lengths (SL and RL-cm-), root-shoot ratio (R/S -%-), shoot and root fresh weights (SFW and RFW-mg per plant-), shoot and root dry weights (SDW and RDW-mg per plant-), shoot and root dry matter (SDM and RDM-% -), root/shoot dry matter ratio (R/S DM-%-), shoot and root water contents (SWC and RWC-%-) and seedling vigor index (SVI) parameters were measured. As a result of the research, it was determined that ultrasonic pre-treatments had statistically significant (P≤0.05) effects on germination parameters (GP, MGT and GRI). It has been determined that US10 and US40 treatments increase the GP by 11.11%. However, it was determined that US30 treatment shortened the MGT by 15.81% and increased the GRI and SL by 100.00% and 34.65%, respectively. In addition, it was determined that ultrasonic pre-treatments had statistically significant effects on growth parameters (RL, SL, R/S ratio, SFW, RFW, SDW, RDW, SDM, SDM and SVI). Compared to the control group, an increase of 42.95%, 51.35%, 17.75% and 21.00% in the RL, R/S ratio, SFW and RFW parameter values, respectively, was obtained from the US10 treatment. Additionally, US40 treatment caused an increase in RDW, SDM, RDM values by 51.51%, 33.83% and 33.87%, respectively. The highest increase in SVI was recorded in the US30 treatment with 30.56%. In conclusion, the data of this study showed that ultrasonic technology has a positive effect on breaking dormancy in common vetch seeds and thus on the initial seedling growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Common vetch
• Ultrasonic treatment
• Dormancy
• Seed germination
• Initial seedling growth

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Ultrasonik Ön Uygulamaların Adi Fiğin (Vicia sativa L.) Çimlenme ve İlk Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Adi fiğ (Vicia sativa L.), çok önemli bir baklagil yem bitkisi olmakla birlikte tohum kabuğunda karşılaşılan sertlik nedeniyle dormansi problemi görülmektedir. Şimdiye kadar, adi fiğ tohumlarında görülen bu dormansinin kırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu araştırmada, laboratuvar koşulları altında yaygın fiğ tohumlarına uygulanan ultrasonik ön uygulamalarının çimlenme ve bununla birlikte ilk fide gelişimi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Ultrasonik ön uygulaması (UÖU) adi fiğ tohumlarına sırasıyla 0 -kontrol-, 10, 20, 30 ve 40 dakika buyunca 47 kH frekansında uygulanmıştır. Deneme 4 tekerrürlü olarak tamamen tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dizayn edilmiştir. Araştırmada, çimlenme yüzdesi (ÇY-%-), ortalama çimlenme süresi (OÇS-gün-), çimlenme hızı indeksi (ÇHİ-%-), sürgün ve kök uzunlukları (SU ve KU-cm-), kök-sürgün oranı (K/S-%-), sürgün ve kök taze ağırlıkları (STA ve KTA-mg bitki başına-), sürgün ve kök kuru ağırlıkları (SKA ve KKA-mg bitki başına-), sürgün ve kök kuru maddeleri (SKM ve KKM-%-), kök/gövde kuru madde oranı (K/S KM-%-), sürgün ve kök su içerikleri (SSİ ve KSİ-%-) ve fide güç indeksi (FGİ) parametreleri ölçülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, ultrasonik ön uygulamalarının çimlenme parametreleri (ÇY, OÇS ve ÇHİ) üzerine istatistiki açıdan önemli (P≤0.05) etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. UÖU10 ve UÖU40 uygulamalarının ÇY’yi %11.11 oranında artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, UÖU30 uygulaması OÇS’yi %15.81 kısalttığı, ÇHİ’yi ve SU’yu sırasıyla %100,00 ve %34,65 oranlarında artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, ultrasonik ön uygulamalarının büyüme parametreleri (KU, SU, K/S oranı, STA, KTA, SKA, KKA, SKM, KKM ve FGİ) üzerine de istatistiki açıdan önemli etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında, KU, K/S oranı, STA ve KTA parametre değerlerinde sırasıyla %42.95, %51,35, %17,75 ve %21,00 oranlarında bir artış UÖU10 uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. İlave olarak UÖU40 uygulaması KKA, SKM, KKM değerlerinde sırasıyla %51.51, %33.83 ve %33.87 oranlarında artışa neden olmuştur. FGİ’de ise en yüsek artış %30.56 ile UÖU30 uygulamasında kayıt edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu araştırmanın verileri, ultrasonik teknolojisinin adi fiğin tohumlarındaki dormasinin kırılmasında ve bununla birlikte ilk fide gelişimi üzerine olumlu yönde etkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adi fiğ
• Ultrasonik uygulama
• Dormansi
• Tohum çimlenmesi
• İlk fide büyümesi

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

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