Tarımsal Üretimde Kullanılan Atık Suyun Çevresel Değerlemesi

Öz

Son yıllarda tüm dünyada nüfus artışı, hızlı kentleşme, sanayileşme ve iklim değişikliği gibi konular nedeniyle mevcut su kaynaklarının yeterliliği ile ilgili sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle suyun en çok kullanıldığı tarımsal üretimde bu soruna çözüm olarak atık su kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Atık suların içeriğinde bulunan maddeler nedeniyle çevreye zarar verebileceği göz önünde bulundurularak bu çalışmada çevresel bir değerleme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, piyasası olmayan malların değerlemesinde kullanılan seyahat maliyeti yöntemi kullanılarak, tarımsal üretim söz konusu olduğundan bu yönteme farklı bir yaklaşım getirilmiş ve üretici rantına dayalı bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, atık su ve kuyu suyu ile yapılan tarımsal üretimler karşılaştırılarak, atık suyun çevresel değerlemesi hakkında 2 hipotez geliştirilmiştir; Birinci hipotez atık su ile yapılan tarımsal üretimin üretici rantı kuyu suyu ile yapılan üretimden daha düşük ise çevresel kirlilik vardır ve değeri iki rant arasındaki farktır. İkinci hipotez ise üreticinin atık su ile elde ettiği rantın yüksek olması durumunda, çevre kirliliğinin olumsuz etkilerine karşı bir hipotez olarak pozitif dışsallık oluşacağıdır. Araştırma alanında 125 üretici ile anket yapılarak toplam 314 parselin verileri analize dahil edilmiş ve regresyon analizi ile arz fonksiyonu oluşturularak üretici rantı hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları sonucunda atık su ile sulama yapılarak gerçekleştirilen tarımsal üretimden elde edilen üretici rantı (584.40$), kuyu suyu ile sulama yapılarak yapılan üretimin üretici rantından (553.44$) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu durumda, sulanan atık suyun çevre kirliliğine değil, pozitif dışsallığa etki ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Atık suyun tarımsal üretimde kullanılması ekonomiye olumlu katkı sağlamış olsa da insan sağlığı üzerindeki zararlı etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak gerekli arıtma işlemlerinden sonra kullanılması faydalı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atık su
• Çevresel değerleme
• Tarımsal üretim
• Üretici rantı

Environmental Valuation of Wastewater Used in Agricultural Production

Öz

In recent years, problems related to the adequacy of existing water resources have arisen due to issues such as population growth, rapid urbanization, industrialization, and climate change. Especially in agricultural production where water is used the most, the use of wastewater has become widespread as a solution to this problem. Considering that wastewater may harm the environment due to the substances it contains, it is aimed to make an environmental valuation in this study. In this context, by using the travel cost method used in the valuation of goods without a market, a different approach was brought to this method, as agricultural production is concerned, and an evaluation was made based on producer surplus. In the study, by comparing the agricultural productions with wastewater and well water, 2 hypotheses have been developed about the environmental valuation of wastewater; First, if the producer surplus of agricultural production with wastewater is lower than that of production with well water, there is environmental pollution, and its value is the difference between the two rents. The second hypothesis is that if the producer's surplus with wastewater is high, positive externality will occur as a hypothesis against the negative effects of environmental pollution. By conducting a survey with 125 producers in the research area, the data of 314 parcels in total were included in the analysis, and the producer surplus was calculated by creating the supply function with the regression analysis. As a result of the research, the producer surplus (584.40$) obtained from the agricultural production made by irrigating with wastewater was found to be higher than the producer surplus (553.44$) of the production made by irrigating with well water. In this case, it was concluded that the wastewater irrigated did not affect the environmental pollution, but the positive externality. Although the use of wastewater in agricultural production has made a positive contribution to the economy, it will be beneficial to use it after the necessary treatment processes, considering its harmful effects on human health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Wastewater
• Environmental valuation
• Agricultural production
• Producer surplus

Kaynakça

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