The Influence of Nitrogen Rates on Yield and Some Quality Parameters of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) Growing in Diyarbakır Districts of Türkiye

Öz

Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt), is a maize subspecies with rapidly increasing consumption in the world and in Türkiye both in terms of its nutritional content and various uses in fresh, frozen and canned form. Nitrogen plays a crucial role in promoting most of plants growth and productivity. Plant nutrient recommendations are important to maximise profit and productivity in sugar maize production. The influences of nitrogen (N) fertigation on yield and some quality parameters of sweet corn under South Eastern Anatolia Region (Diyarbakır) conditions of Türkiye were investigated in that trial. Fertigation applications were executed under regional conditions of Diyarbakır on the experimental land of GAPUTAEM (GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center). “BATEM Tatlı” variety of sweet corn was utilized as the plant material. The trial was arranged as randomized complete block design with 4 replications and five different N applications (0-75-150-225-300 kg ha−1) were implemented to trial plots through a fertigation system. During the 2015 and 2016 growing season that the trial was carried out a total of 520 mm and 476 mm of irrigation water were applied, respectively. According to the study results N levels had a significant effect on fresh grain yield, crude protein (p < 0.01) and crude oil (p < 0.05). Furthermore, increased N levels had no effect on brix (dissolved solids in a liquid), L* (brightness) and a*/b* (redness/yellowness) values. Fresh grain yield (11000 kg ha-1) of sweet corn under the effect of 150 kg ha-1 nitrogen treatment was the highest. The maximum crude protein (12.60) was recorded from 300 kg ha-1 N and crude oil (5.56) under the effect of 225 kg ha-1 nitrogen treatment was the highest. This study provides guidance for nitrogen management in sweet corn production in arid regions, such as the Southeast Region of Türkiye. Implementing 150 kg N ha-1 with a fertigation system is a sustainable method for sweet corn production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nitrogen
• Fertigation
• Sweet corn

Destekleyen Kurum

Republic of Türkiye, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, TAGEM (General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies) with TAGEM/TBAD/14/A12/P03/002

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/TBAD/14/A12/P03/002

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Diyarbakır İlinde Yetiştirilen Tatlı Mısırda (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) Farklı Azot Seviyelerinin Verim ve Bazı Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Tatlı mısır gerek besin içeriği gerekse taze, dondurulmuş ve konserve şeklindeki değişik kullanımı ile dünyada ve Türkiye’de hızla tüketimi artan bir mısır alttürüdür. Azot, birçok bitkinin büyümesinde ve verimliliğinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Tatlı mısır üretiminde kârı ve verimliliği en üst seviyeye çıkarmak için gerekli bitki besin elementi tavsiyeleri önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma da Türkiye'nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi (Diyarbakır) koşullarında farklı azot (N) gübreleme seviyelerinin mısırda (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) verim ve bazı kalite parametreleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma Diyarbakır ili koşullarında GAPUTAEM (GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi) deneme arazisinde yürütülmüş ve bitki materyali olarak BATEM tatlı tatlı mısır çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak düzenlenmiş ve fertigasyon sistemi ile beş farklı N uygulaması (0-75-150-225-300 kg ha-1) yapılmıştır. Denemenin yürütüldüğü 2015 ve 2016 yetiştirme sezonu boyunca sırasıyla toplam 520 mm ve 476 mm sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, N seviyelerinin taze dane verimi, ham protein (p < 0.01) ve ham yağ (p < 0.05) üzerinde istatistiki olarak önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca artan N seviyelerinin brix (sıvıdaki çözünmüş katı madde), L* (parlaklık) ve a*/b* (kırmızılık/sarılık) değerleri üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi olmamıştır. Tatlı mısırın en yüksek taze dane verimi (11000 kg ha-1) 150 kg ha-1 azot uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. En yüksek ham protein değeri (12.60) 300 kg ha-1 N'den elde edilirken, ham yağ ise (5.56) 225 kg ha-1 azot uygulamasında en yüksek değere sahip olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Güneydoğu Bölgesi gibi kurak bölgelerde tatlı mısır üretiminde fertigasyon yöntemiyle uygulanması gereken optimum azot uygulaması konusunda yol göstermekle birlikte 150 kg N ha-1 uygulaması sürdürülebilir bir yöntem olarak öne çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Azot
• Fertigasyon
• Tatlı mısır

Destekleyen Kurum

Republic of Türkiye, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, TAGEM (General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies) with TAGEM/TBAD/14/A12/P03/002

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/TBAD/14/A12/P03/002

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

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