The Effect of Different Fertilizer Combinations on Yield and Yield Components in Safflower

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different vermicompost and chemical fertilizer applications on plant development, phenological characteristics and achene yield in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The research was carried out for two years, from 2020 to 2021, at the İkizce Research and Application Farm of the Field Crops Central Research Institute, using a safflower/wheat crop rotation system. Seven different fertilizer applications were used in the experiment [DAP+UREA, Solid Worm Compost (SWC)+UREA, DAP+Liquid Worm Compost (LWC), SWC+LWC, SWC alone, LWC alone and no fertilizer control], and the experiment was set up according to a Randomized Block Design with three replications. According to the research results, fertilizer applications were found to have statistically significant effects on the number of days to maturity (p<0.01), plant height, number of lateral branches, number of capitulas, number of days to flowering and achene yield per decare (p<0.05). The highest achene yield was obtained from the DAP+UREA application with 363 kg da⁻¹, while the lowest achene yield was obtained from the unfertilized control application with 278 kg da⁻¹. The SWC+UREA application yielded grains of 313 kg da⁻¹, similar to the DAP+UREA application. The highest plant height (64.9 cm) and number of lateral branches (6.6) were determined in the SWC-only application, while the highest number of capitulas was observed in the DAP+LWC (12.0 capitulas) and LWC-only (12.1 capitulas) applications. The SWC+UREA application resulted in an earlier flowering of 2 days and an earlier maturity of 4 days in safflower. In conclusion, although achene yield was 13.8% lower in the SWC+UREA application compared to the DAP+UREA application, it was determined that environmental pollution could be reduced by approximately 27% thanks to lower chemical nitrogen use (10 kg da-1 in the DAP+UREA application, 7.3 kg da-1 in the SWC+UREA application). Therefore, it was concluded that the SWC+UREA application is a suitable alternative in safflower cultivation in terms of sustainable agriculture, soil fertility and environmental health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Safflower
• Vermicompost
• Crop Rotation
• Yield
• Chemical Fertilizer

Destekleyen Kurum

TAGEM, Ankara University BAP

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

This article was prepared using safflower field data from the doctoral dissertation titled "Investigation of the Effects of Vermicompost Use on Yield and Quality in the Safflower/Wheat Rotation System", which was conducted for two years in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The quality analysis and soil analysis of this study were carried out with the support of Ankara University Scientific Research Project (BAP) no. "21L0447007". I would like to thank Kutay Yılmaz, plant scientist/oilseed crops specialist at the Oilseed Crops Breeding Unit of the CRIFC, for his review and revision of this manuscript.

Aspirde Farklı Gübre Kombinasyonlarının Verim ve Verim Öğelerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı vermikompost ve kimyasal gübre uygulamalarının aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) bitkisinde bitki gelişimi, fenolojik özellikler ve tane verimi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü İkizce Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliği’nde 2020–2021 yıllarında aspir/buğday ekim nöbeti sisteminde iki yıl süreyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede yedi farklı gübre uygulaması [DAP+ÜRE, Katı Solucan Gübresi (KSG)+ÜRE, DAP+Sıvı Solucan Gübresi (SSG), KSG+SSG, yalnız KSG, yalnız SSG ve gübresiz kontrol] yer almış, deneme Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Deseni’ne göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre gübre uygulamalarının olgunlaşma gün sayısı üzerine p<0.01, bitki boyu, yan dal sayısı, tabla sayısı, çiçeklenme gün sayısı ve dekara tane verimi üzerine p<0.05 düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak önemli etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek tane verimi 363 kg da⁻¹ ile DAP+ÜRE uygulamasından, en düşük tane verimi ise 278 kg da⁻¹ ile gübresiz kontrol uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. KSG+ÜRE uygulaması 313 kg da⁻¹ tane verimi ile DAP+ÜRE uygulamasına yakın sonuçlar vermiştir. En yüksek bitki boyu (64.9 cm) ve yan dal sayısı (6.6 adet) yalnız KSG uygulamasında belirlenirken, en yüksek tabla sayısı DAP+SSG (12.0 adet) ve yalnız SSG (12.1 adet) uygulamalarında saptanmıştır. KSG+ÜRE uygulaması, aspir bitkisinde çiçeklenmede 2 gün, olgunlaşmada ise 4 gün erkencilik sağlamıştır. Sonuç olarak, KSG+ÜRE uygulamasında tane verimi DAP+ÜRE’ye göre %13.8 daha düşük olmasına rağmen, daha düşük kimyasal azot kullanımı sayesinde (DAP+ÜRE uygulamasında 10 kg da-1, KSG+ÜRE’de 7.3 kg da-1 kimyasal azot) çevre kirliliğinin yaklaşık %27 oranında azaltılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle, sürdürülebilir tarım, toprak verimliliği ve çevre sağlığı açısından aspir yetiştiriciliğinde KSG+ÜRE uygulamasının uygun bir alternatif olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aspir
• Vermikompost
• Ekim Nöbeti
• Verim
• Kimyasal Gübre

Destekleyen Kurum

TAGEM, Ankara Üniversitesi BAP

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

Bu makale 2019-2020 ve 2020-2021 yıllarında iki yıl süreyle yürütülen “Aspir/Buğday Ekim Nöbeti Sisteminde Vermikompost Kullanımının Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması” adlı doktora tez çalışmasının aspir tarla verileri kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın kalite analizleri ve toprak analizleri, Ankara Üniversitesi “21L0447007” nolu Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi (BAP) desteği ile yapılmıştır.

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