Nane'nin (Mentha piperita L.) Su-Verim İlişkileri, Yağ Verimi ve Uçucu Yağ Kalitesine Su Stresinin Etkisi

Öz

Araştırmada farklı düzeylerde su eksikliğinin Nane’nin (Mentha x piperita L) vegetatif, fizyolojik, yağ verimi ve yağ kompozisyonuna etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneme, tesadüf parseller deneme desenine göre 4 farklı sulama düzeyinde, üç tekerrürlü olarak ve her tekerrürde 3 saksı bulunacak şekilde killi tınlı toprakla doldurulmuş saksılarda yürütülmüştür. Su stresinin oluşturulmasında saksı tarla kapasitesinin tamamına (I100-stressiz) uygulanan sulama suyu ile bu konuya verilen suyun %75’ı (I75-hafif stres), %50’si (I50-orta stres) ve %25’i (I25-şiddetli stres) esas alınmıştır. Denemede Nane bitkisinin sulama suyu gereksinimi, bitki su tüketimi, su kullanım etkinliği, stoma iletkenliği, bitki boyu, yaprak kalınlığı, yağ verimi ve yağ bileşenleri ölçülmüştür. Bitki su tüketimi stres arttıkça azalmıştır. Nane’nin yapraklanmaya ve çiçeklenmeye başladığı ilk dönemde stressiz konuda 0.270 L ile başlayan su tüketimi hasada yaklaştıkça 1.12 L’ye kadar yükselmiştir. Sulama suyu miktarındaki 1 L‘lik artış ot verimini 9 gr artırmıştır. Su kullanım etkinliği (WUE) taze ve kuru nanede sulama konuları ile paralellik göstermemiş; taze nanede en yüksek WUE, orta stres konsunda 13.22 g L-1, kuru nanede 4.68 g L-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Stoma iletkenliği en yüksek stressiz konuda ölçülürken yaprak kalınlığı ve bitki boyu hafif su stresinde ölçülmüştür. Su stresinin artış oranı ile ot verimi aynı oranda azalmamış, şiddetli su stresinde bitki gelişimi ciddi şekilde kısıtlanmıştır. En yüksek yağ verimi hem taze hem kuru nane’de şiddetli su stresinde ölçülmüştür. Stressiz konuda kuru nanedeki yağ oranı taze naneye göre %294, hafif streste %272, orta ve şiddetli su stresinde %232 ve %192 artmıştır. Taze yapraklardaki su stresi Menthol ve Pulegon içeriklerinde farklılık yaratırken kuru nanede Isomenthone dışındakiler su stresinden etkilenmiştir. Taze otdaki Eucalyptol stressiz konuda, Menthofuran hafif su stresinde, Limonen ve Pulegone orta düzeydeki su stresinde, Mentone ve Isomentone şiddetli su stresinde en yüksek konsantrasyonda ölçülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nane
• Su stresi
• Sulama suyu
• Bitki su tüketimi
• Yağ verimi
• Uçucu yağ içeriği

Impact of Water Stress on Water-Yield Relations, Oil Yield and Essential Oil Quality of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)

Öz

This study investigates the effects of different levels of water deficiency on the vegetative, physiological, oil yield, and oil composition characteristics of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four different irrigation levels, three replications, and three pots per replication. The pots were filled with clay-loam soil. The water stress levels were created based on the percentage of the field capacity water amount applied to the pots: 100% (I100 - no stress), 75% (I75 - mild stress), 50% (I50 - moderate stress), and 25% (I25 - severe stress). The study measured peppermint’s irrigation water requirements, plant water consumption, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, plant height, leaf thickness, oil yield, and oil components. Plant water consumption decreased as water stress increased. In the early stages of leafing and flowering, water consumption in the no-stress treatment started at 0.810 L and increased to 3.37 L near harvest. A 1 L increase in irrigation water resulted in a 9 g increase in biomass yield. Water use efficiency (WUE) did not show a parallel trend across the treatments in fresh and dry peppermint. The highest WUE in fresh peppermint was observed under moderate stress at 13.22 g L⁻¹, while in dry peppermint, it was 4.68 g L⁻¹. Stomatal conductance was highest in the no-stress treatment, whereas leaf thickness and plant height were highest under mild stress conditions. The reduction in biomass yield was not directly proportional to the increase in water stress, but severe water stress significantly restricted plant growth. The highest oil yield was observed under severe water stress in both fresh and dry peppermint. The essential oil content in dry peppermint was 294% higher than in fresh peppermint under no stress, 272% higher under mild stress, and increased by 232% and 192% under moderate and severe stress, respectively. Water stress in fresh leaves led to variations in Menthol and Pulegone content, while in dry peppermint, all components except Isomenthone were affected by water stress. In fresh biomass, the highest concentration of Eucalyptol was observed in the no-stress treatment, Menthofuran in mild stress, Limonene and Pulegone in moderate stress, and Menthone and Isomenthone in severe stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Peppermint
• Water stress
• Irrigation water
• Plant water consumtion
• Oil yield
• Uçucu yağ içeriği

Kaynakça

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