Bazı Eski ve Modern Bahçe Gül Genotiplerinin Polen Kalitesi Üzerine Farklı Depolama Sıcaklıkları ve Sürelerinin Etkisi

Öz

Güller (Rosa spp.), kesme çiçek, saksılı süs bitkisi, peyzaj ve tıbbi-aromatik bitki olarak yaygın şekilde kullanılmaları nedeniyle dünya genelinde ticareti yapılan en önemli süs bitkileri arasında yer almaktadır. Güller üç ana gruba ayrılmaktadır: yabani güller, eski bahçe gülleri ve modern güller. Bu gruplar arasında eski bahçe gülleri özellikle gül yağı üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Gül ıslahında yeterli tohum oluşumunun sağlanması yaygın bir zorluktur. Bu nedenle, yüksek polen kalitesine sahip ebeveynlerin belirlenmesi başarılı tohum oluşumunu etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Ayrıca, ebeveyn genotipler arasındaki çiçeklenme zamanı farklılıklarını aşabilmek için ekonomik polen depolama yöntemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, beş gül genotipine ait taze ve depolanmış polenlerin canlılık ve çimlenme özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Polenler iki farklı sıcaklıkta (+4 °C ve −20 °C) 1 ve 12 ay süreyle depolanmıştır. Polen canlılığı: safranin, 2,3,5-trifenil tetrazolyum klorür (TTC) ve iyot–potasyum iyodür (IKI) boyama yöntemleriyle değerlendirilirken, polen çimlenmesi doygun Petri kabı yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Taze polen canlılığı, genotipe ve kullanılan boyama yöntemine bağlı olarak %12,09 (R. alba, TTC testi) ile %65,56 (R. hybrida cv. 'Jude the Obscure', safranin testi) arasında değişmiştir. Polen çimlenmesi de genotipler arasında önemli farklılık göstermiş ve R. alba’da %5,07 ile R. damascena Mill.’de %49,13 arasında bulunmuştur. Depolama koşulları polen çimlenmesini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir; R. hybrida cv. 'Jude the Obscure' her iki depolama süresinde, R. alba 'Semiplena' 1 aylık depolama sonrasında ve R. damascena 12 aylık depolama sonrasında, +4 °C'ye kıyasla −20 °C'de daha yüksek çimlenme oranları göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, eski bahçe güllerinin gül ıslahında polen ebeveyni olarak etkin kullanımını desteklemek amacıyla polen kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi ve uygun depolama koşullarının belirlenmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eski bahçe gülleri
• Polen çimlenmesi
• Polen depolama
• Polen canlılığı
• Rosa x hybrida

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBİTAK

Proje Numarası

120O903

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

The authors are grateful to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK; Project Number: 120O903) for financial support and the Atatürk Horticulture Central Research Institute for providing research facilities.

Effect of Different Storage Temperatures and Times on the Pollen Quality of Some Old and Modern Garden Rose Genotypes

Öz

Roses (Rosa spp.) are among the most important ornamental plants traded worldwide due to their widespread use as cut flowers, potted plants, landscaping, and medicinal-aromatic purposes. Roses are classified into three main groups: wild roses, old garden roses, and modern roses. Among these groups, old garden roses are extensively used for rose oil production. In rose breeding, achieving adequate seed production is a common challenge. Therefore, identifying parents with high pollen quality is one of the most important factors affecting successful seed set. Furthermore, cost-effective pollen storage methods are required to overcome differences in flowering time between parental genotypes. This study evaluated the viability and germination of fresh and stored pollen from five rose genotypes. Pollen was stored at two different temperatures (+4 °C and -20 °C) for 1 and 12 months. Pollen viability was evaluated using three staining methods: safranin, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), and iodine–potassium iodide (IKI), while germination was assessed using the agar plate method. Viability of fresh pollen varied depending on genotype and staining method, ranging from 12.09% (R. alba, TTC test) to 65.56% (R. hybrida cv. 'Jude the Obscure', safranin test). Germination also differed significantly among genotypes, ranging from 5.07% in R. alba to 49.13% in R. damascena Mill. Storage conditions significantly affected pollen germination; pollen of R. hybrida cv. 'Jude the Obscure' (both storage periods), R. alba 'Semiplena' (1 month), and R. damascena (12 months) exhibited higher germination rates at -20 °C than at +4 °C. These findings demonstrate the importance of evaluating pollen quality and optimizing storage conditions for old garden roses to support their effective use as pollen parents in rose breeding programmes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Old garden roses
• Pollen germination
• Pollen storage
• Pollen viability
• Rosa x hybrida

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBİTAK)

Proje Numarası

120O903

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

The authors are grateful to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK; Project Number: 120O903) for financial support and the Atatürk Horticulture Central Research Institute for providing research facilities.

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