Impact of Chemical Mutagens on The Germination and Seedling Parameters in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Öz

The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plant is a neglected species; however, it can be used for various purposes, such as oil production for human consumption, medicinal applications in folk medicine, dye production (yellow and red), fodder, tea (from petals), and as a cut flower. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two chemical mutagens with different mechanisms of action, an alkylating agent (EMS) and a respiratory inhibitor (SA) on safflower seeds. The local safflower variety “Linas” was used in the experiments. Chemical mutagens were applied at different concentrations (0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%) and for different durations (2 h, 4 h, and 6 h). The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber under controlled conditions, following a completely randomized design with four replicates to determine seedling parameters. Germination percentage decreased with higher concentrations and longer application durations. Additionally, germination and seedling characteristics were negatively affected by higher concentrations and longer application durations. The longest seedling length (32.0 cm) and root length (14.9 cm) were both observed with the 0.2% SA treatment applied for 2 hours, indicating that low-dose and short-duration SA applications promote superior seedling growth. The maximum seedling fresh weight (3,362 mg) was achieved with the 0.4% SA treatment for 2 h, whereas the highest dry weight (7.5%) was recorded under the 0.2% EMS treatment for 2 h. SA treatments resulted in higher leaf number, leaf dry weight, and root biomass compared to EMS and control, especially at lower doses and moderate application times. Safflower seeds were more adversely affected by EMS treatment than by SA treatment. Although the initial emergence was delayed in the SA treatment, some seedlings exhibited superior characteristics compared to the control. On the other hand, the reduction in germination and seedling parameters observed in the EMS treatment indicated that the seeds were more severely damaged by EMS, and thus, greater variation may occur. For all traits examined, both mutagens induced variation in safflower germination and seedling parameters, indicating that both can be used in safflower mutation breeding programs. The 0.2% SA treatment (2–4 h) optimized seedling growth and leaf development for breeding purposes, while 0.4% SA (4 h) and 0.2% EMS (6 h) were most effective for inducing physiological variation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chemical mutagens
• EMS
• Germination
• SA
• Safflower
• Seedling characters

Destekleyen Kurum

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Scientific Research Project Coordination

Proje Numarası

2020/1-11 D

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Kimyasal Mutajenlerin Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’de Çimlenme ve Fide Parametrelerine Etkisi

Öz

Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) diğer yağ bitkilerine göre ihmal edilmiş bir bitki olmasına rağmen, insan tüketimi için yağ üretimi, halk hekimliğinde tıbbi uygulamalar, boya üretimi (sarı ve kırmızı), hayvan yemi, çay (taç yapraklarından) ve kesme çiçek olarak çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, farklı etki mekanizmalarına sahip iki kimyasal mutajenin, alkilleyici ajan (EMS) ve solunum inhibitörünün (SA), aspir tohumları üzerindeki etkilerini inceleme için yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada materyal olarak yerel aspir çeşidi olan "Linas" kullanılmıştır. Kimyasal mutajenler farklı konsantrasyonlarda (%0.2, %0.3 ve %0.4) ve farklı sürelerde (2 saat, 4 saat ve 6 saat) uygulanmıştır. Fide özellikleri tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde 4 tekrarlı olarak, iklim odasında kontrollü şartlarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çimlenme yüzdesi, daha yüksek konsantrasyonlar ve daha uzun uygulama sürelerinde azalmıştır. Ayrıca, çimlenme ve fide özellikleri daha yüksek konsantrasyonlar ve daha uzun uygulama sürelerinden olumsuz etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. En uzun fide boyu (32.0 cm) ve kök uzunluğu (14.9 cm) parametrelerinin her ikisi de 2 saat süreyle uygulanan %0.2 SA mutagen uygulamasında gözlenmiş olup, düşük doz ve kısa süreli SA uygulamalarının üstün fide gelişimini teşvik ettiğini göstermektedir. En yüksek fide yaş ağırlığı (3.362 mg) 2 saatlik %0.4 SA uygulamasında elde edilirken; en yüksek kuru ağırlık (%7.5) ise 2 saatlik %0.2 EMS uygulamasında belirlenmiştir. SA uygulamaları, özellikle düşük dozlarda ve orta süreli uygulamalarda, EMS ve kontrol gruplarına kıyasla daha fazla yaprak sayısı, yaprak kuru ağırlığı ve kök biyokütlesi ile sonuçlanmıştır. Aspir tohumları, SA uygulamasına kıyasla EMS uygulamasından daha olumsuz etkilenmiştir. SA uygulamasında ilk çıkış gecikmiş olmasına rağmen, bazı fideler kontrole kıyasla üstün özellikler sergilediği görülmüştür. Öte yandan, EMS uygulamasında gözlenen çimlenme ve fide parametrelerindeki azalma, tohumların EMS tarafından daha ciddi şekilde hasar gördüğünü ve böylece daha büyük varyasyonların ortaya çıkabileceğini göstermektedir. İncelenen tüm özellikler için, her iki mutajen de aspir çimlenmesi ve fide parametrelerinde varyasyon oluşturmuş olup, her iki mutajeninde aspir mutasyon ıslahı programlarında kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Islah amaçları doğrultusunda, %0.2 SA uygulaması (2–4 saat) fide büyümesini ve yaprak gelişimini optimize ederken; %0.4 SA (4 saat) ve %0.2 EMS (6 saat) uygulamaları fizyolojik varyasyonu indüklemede en etkili yöntemler olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aspir
• Çimlenme
• EMS
• Fide özellikleri
• Kimyasal mutajenler
• SA

Destekleyen Kurum

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Scientific Research Project Coordination

Proje Numarası

2020/1-11 D

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

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