Yarı Kurak Koşullarda Mikrobiyal ve Kimyasal Gübrelemenin Mercimek Gelişimi, Verimi ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamaları ve etkili bitki besleme stratejileri hem verim artışı hem de doğal kaynakların korunması açısından giderek daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, mikrobiyal ve kimyasal gübrelemenin mercimek (Lens culinaris Medik.) gelişimi, verimi ve besin bileşimi üzerindeki sinerjik etkilerini Van ekolojik koşullarında araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışmada, Rhizobium leguminosarum (RHZ), fosfat çözücü bakteri straini (B) ve azotlu gübre (NF) uygulamalarının etkileşimi, iki büyüme sezonu boyunca değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, yıllar arası iklim değişkenliği ve uygulama kombinasyonlarının bitki performansı üzerinde önemli etkiler yarattığını göstermiştir. Uygulamalar arasında RHZ+NF+B kombinasyonu, biyolojik ve tane verimi açısından en yüksek değerleri (sırasıyla 2992 ve 1302 kg ha⁻¹) üretmiş, bu da kontrole göre sırasıyla %19.5 ve %28.9 oranında artış anlamına gelmiştir. Bu entegre yaklaşım aynı zamanda tanede N, P ve K içeriğini sırasıyla %11.5, %34.6 ve %35 oranlarında artırarak besin alımı ve mobilizasyonunun iyileştiğini ortaya koymuştur. Buna karşılık, NF’nin RHZ ve B ile birlikte uygulanması, azotun nodül oluşumu ve nitrojenaz enzim aktivitesi üzerindeki baskılayıcı rolü nedeniyle verimliliği azaltmıştır. Ayrıca, metrekaredeki bitki sayısı 55.3 ile 120.8 arasında değişmiş olup, toplam biyokütle ve bitki başına bakla sayısının belirleyici bir faktörü olmuştur. Bu nedenle, birinci sezondaki daha yüksek çıkış oranlarının daha elverişli iklim koşullarından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Besin analizleri, entegre mikrobiyal-kimyasal uygulamaların makro besin birikimini artırmış, ancak mikro besin elementlerinin tepkilerinde farklılıklar sergilemiştir. Özellikle Fe ve Cu konsantrasyonları yüksek verimli parsellerde düşerken, Zn ve Mn seviyeleri nispeten sabit kalmıştır. Çalışma hem biyolojik azot fiksasyonunu destekleyecek hem de optimum besin bileşimini sağlayacak şekilde besin girdisi stratejilerinin dikkatle uyarlanması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, entegre biyo-gübreleme uygulamalarının yarı kurak bölgelerde sürdürülebilir baklagil üretimi açısından taşıdığı potansiyeli bir kez daha ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar biyolojik N2 fiksasyonunu desteklemek için dengeli bir N gübrelemesinin altını çizmektedir. Toprak sağlığı üzerindeki uzun vadeli etkilere odaklanmak için daha fazla araştırma yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyo-priming
• Lens culinaris
• Bitki besleme
• Sürdürülebilir tarım
• Sinerjik etki

Effect of Microbial and Chemical Fertilization on Lentil Growth, Yield and Quality under Semi-Arid Conditions

Öz

Sustainable agricultural practices and effective plant nutrition strategies are increasingly important for both yield improvement and the conservation of natural resources. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of microbial and chemical fertilization on lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) growth, yield, and nutrient composition under the ecological conditions of Van, Türkiye. The experiment evaluated the interaction between Rhizobium leguminosarum (RHZ), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria strain (B), and nitrogen fertilizer (NF) across two growing seasons. The findings revealed that both year-to-year climatic variability and treatment combinations significantly affected plant performance. Among treatments, RHZ+NF+B consistently resulted in superior outcomes in biological and grain yields of 2992 and 1302 kg ha⁻¹, representing 19.5% and 28.9% increases over the control, respectively. This integrated approach also boosted grain N, P, and K contents by 11.5%, 34.6%, and 35%, respectively, thereby indicating improved nutrient uptake and mobilization. In contrast, combined application of NF with RHZ and B reduced yield productivity since nitrogen has inhibitory effect on nodulation and nitrogenase enzyme activity. Number of plants per square meter, which ranged from 55.3 to 120.8, was a key determinant of total biomass and pod number per plant, therefore, the higher emergence rates in the first season were likely driven by more favorable climatic conditions. Nutrient analysis showed that integrated microbial-chemical treatments enhanced macronutrient accumulation, however, micronutrient responses exhibited differences. Notably, Fe and Cu concentrations decreased in high-yielding plots, whereas Zn and Mn levels remained relatively stable. The study highlights the importance of tailoring nutrient input strategies to support both biological nitrogen fixation and optimal nutrient composition. It also reinforces the potential of integrated biofertilization practices in promoting sustainable legume production under semi-arid conditions. These results highlight balanced N fertilizer to support biological N2 fixation. Further research is recommended to focus on long-term soil health impacts the long-term impacts on soil health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bio-priming
• Lens culinaris
• Plant nutrition
• Sustainable agriculture
• Synergistic action

Kaynakça

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