The Regional Level of Agricultural Mechanization: The Case of Çumra District of Konya Province

Öz

In our country, Konya ranks first in terms of agricultural land presence. However, in agricultural mechanization, both the machinery park and the presence of agricultural tractors are at the top levels. Çumra is one of the locomotive districts in agricultural mechanization as well as in agricultural production of Konya. Thanks to its developed irrigation infrastructure, speed of transition to modern agricultural techniques and the presence of agricultural industry, it is an exemplary agricultural region in Türkiye. In this study, the agricultural mechanization level of Çumra district of Konya province was examined. In the research, based on the 2023 and 2024 data of the Türkiye Statistical Institute (TUİK), the presence of agricultural machinery in the district and the effectiveness of this presence were analyzed through technical indicators. Within the scope of the study; In addition to tractors and combine harvesters, data on first and second class soil tillage machines, sowing-planting and care machines, plant protection equipment, machines used in mechanization in animal husbandry, harvesting-threshing machines, irrigation systems and other general agricultural mechanization elements were evaluated. The level of mechanization; Technical indicators such as the number of tractors per thousand hectares (tractors 1000 ha-1), the amount of land per tractor (in hectares) (ha tractor-1), power per unit area (kW ha-1) and average tractor power (kW) were determined by calculating. As a result of the calculations, it was determined that the number of tractors per 1000 hectares in Çumra district decreased from 61.42 to 60.72 in 2023 and 2024, respectively, while the amount of land per tractor increased from 16.28 hectares to 16.47 hectares. The power per tractor was calculated as 3.14 kW ha-1 in 2023 and 3.11 kW ha-1 in 2024. The average tractor power was determined as 51.15 kW in 2023 and 51.33 kW in 2024. When examined in agricultural mechanization level in machinery groups, it was determined that irrigation systems had the highest increase with 2.59% between 2023-2024, and machinery used in livestock farming had the highest decrease with 1.03%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Agricultural mechanization
• Mechanization indicators
• Mechanization level
• Tractor power
• Çumra

Tarımsal Mekanizasyonun Bölgesel Düzeydeki Görünümü: Konya İli Çumra İlçesi Örneği

Öz

Ülkemizde tarım arazisi varlığı olarak Konya ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Bununla beraber tarımsal mekanizasyonda gerek makine parkı gerekse tarım traktörlerinin varlığı üst seviyelerdedir. Çumra, Konya'nın tarımsal üretiminde olduğu gibi tarımsal mekanizasyonunda da lokomotif ilçelerinden biridir. Gelişmiş sulama altyapısı, modern tarım tekniklerine geçiş hızı ve tarım sanayisinin varlığı sayesinde, Türkiye genelinde örnek teşkil eden bir tarım bölgesi konumundadır. Bu çalışmada, Konya ili Çumra ilçesinin tarımsal mekanizasyon düzeyi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun (TÜİK) 2023 ve 2024 yılı verileri esas alınarak, ilçedeki tarım makineleri varlığı ve bu varlığın etkinliği teknik göstergeler aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında; traktör ve biçerdöverlerin yanı sıra, birinci ve ikinci sınıf toprak işleme makineleri, ekim-dikim ve bakım makineleri, bitki koruma ekipmanları, hayvancılıkta mekanizasyonda kullanılan makinler, hasat-harman makineleri, sulama sistemleri ve diğer genel tarımsal mekanizasyon unsurlarına ait veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Mekanizasyon düzeyi; bin hektara düşen traktör sayısı (traktör 1000 ha-1), traktör başına düşen arazi miktarı (hektar olarak) (ha traktör-1), birim alan başına düşen güç (kW ha-1) ve ortalama traktör gücü (kW) gibi teknik göstergeler hesaplanmak suretiyle belirlenmiştir. Yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda Çumra ilçesinde sırasıyla 2023 ve 2024 yıllarında, 1000 hektara düşen traktör sayısının 61,42’den 60,72’ye gerilediği, traktör başına düşen arazi miktarının ise 16,28 hektardan 16,47 hektara yükseldiği belirlenmiştir. Traktör başına düşen güç 2023 yılında 3,14 kW ha-1, 2024 yılında 3,11 kW/ha olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ortalama traktör gücü ise 2023 yılında 51,15 kW iken, 2024 yılında 51,33 kW olarak tespit edilmiştir. Tarımsal mekanizasyonda düzeyinde makine gruplarında incelendiğinde sulama sistemleri % 2.59 ile 2023-2024 yılları arasında en yüksek artışa, hayvancılıkta kullanılan makinelerde %1.03 ile en yüksek düşüşe sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tarımsal mekanizasyon
• Mekanizasyon göstergeleri
• Mekanizasyon düzeyi
• Traktör gücü
• Çumra

Kaynakça

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