Sera Koşullarında Bazı Patates Çeşitlerinin Büyümesi Üzerine Yaprak Çinko Gübrelerinin Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 797 - 811, 16.03.2026

Nilüfer Koçak

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1721905

https://izlik.org/JA37BW22AA

Öz

Bilindiği üzere, patates (Solanum tuberosum L.), mineral, vitamin ve toplam fenolik bileşikler açısından zengin içeriği ve lezzetli bir gıda olarak tüketilmesi nedeniyle ekonomik açıdan büyük öneme sahip bir tarım ürünüdür. Çinko (Zn), bitki metabolizmasında lipitler ve proteinler gibi çeşitli biyomoleküllerin yapısal ve işlevsel bir bileşeni olarak bitki büyümesi için hayati öneme sahip bir mikro besin elementidir ve bu yolla verim ve kalite artışına katkı sağlar. 10 patates çeşidine yapraktan farklı dozlarda çinko (Zn) uygulaması yapılmıştır. Dört farklı doz kullanılmıştır: Zn₀ (kontrol), Zn₁ (0,625 g L⁻¹), Zn₂ (1,25 g L⁻¹) ve Zn₃ (2,50 g L⁻¹). Uygulamalar, çiçeklenme başlangıcında ve çiçeklenmeden 20 gün sonra olmak üzere iki kere yapılmıştır..Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, çeşitler, çinko uygulamaları ve bu iki faktörün etkileşimleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar (p < 0.05) bulunmuştur. Klorofil içeriği (SPAD birimi) 33.67 ile 52.60 arasında değişmiş, bitki boyu ise 46.17 ile 65.15 cm arasında ölçülmüştür. Aynı şekilde, bitki başına yumru sayısı 6.10 ile 8.95 arasında, bitki başına yumru verimi 82.70 ile 205.20 g arasında ve ortalama yumru ağırlığı 19.56 ile 22.93 g arasında değişmiştir. Zn uygulamaları arasında, en yüksek oranda büyük yumru (> 20 g) Zn₃ (2.500 g L⁻¹) dozuyla elde edilirken, orta boy (10–20 g) ve küçük boy (< 10 g) yumruların en fazla olduğu grup kontrol (Zn₀) olmuştur. Sera koşullarında, yapraktan 2.500 g L⁻¹ Zn uygulaması yapılan ‘Agria’ çeşidi en yüksek performansı göstermiştir ve bu da test edilen çeşitler arasında çinko uygulamasına en iyi yanıtı verdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, patateste yapraktan çinko uygulamasının ürün verimini artırma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Klorofil içeriği , Korelasyon , Küme ısı haritası , Solanum tuberosum L. , Yumru verimi , Zn uygulaması

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Determining Effects of Foliar Zinc Fertilizer on the Growth of Some Potato Varieties under Greenhouse Conditions

https://izlik.org/JA37BW22AA

Öz

As known, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a significantly important plant species of economic importance rich in minerals, vitamins, and total phenolics and consumed as a palatable food. Zinc or (Zn), a micronutrient, is essential for plant growth as it is an integral part of various biomolecules such as lipids and proteins in plant metabolism. Thus increasing crop yield and quality. Different doses of Zn-treatment by foliar spray were used in 10 potato cultivars, and they were treated with 4 different doses, such as Zn0 (Control), Zn1 (0.625 g l-1), Zn2 (1.250 g l-1) and Zn3 (2.500 g l-1) application was made at the beginning of flowering and 20 days after flowering. According to the obtained results, statistical significance (p < 0.05) was seen among genotypes, zinc application(s), and their interaction. In addition, chlorophyll content (spad unit) varied between 33.67-52.60, and plant height (cm) ranged from 46.17-65.15. Similarly, the number of tubers per plant was between 6.10-8.95, the tuber yield per plant (g plant-1) was between 82.70-205.20, and the mean tuber weight (g) varied from 19.56-22.93. Among the Zn treatments, the highest proportion of large tubers ( > 20 g) was obtained with 2.500 g l-1 (Zn3), the greatest amount of medium tubers 10.0-20.0g, and small tubers ( < 10 g) was found with the Zn0 dose. Under greenhouse conditions, the highest performance was recorded in the Agria variety when subjected to foliar application of zinc at a concentration of 2.500 g L⁻¹, indicating its superior response to Zn treatment among the tested varieties. The results obtained in our study indicate that foliar application of Zn in potatoes has the potential to enhance yield in crop production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chlorophyll content , Correlations , Cluster heatmap , Solanum tuberosum L. , Tuber yield , Zinc treatments

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Kaynakça

• Al Jabri, H., Saleem, M., Rizwan, H. M., Hussain, I., Usman, K. and Alsafran, M. (2022). Zinc oxide nanoparticles and their biosynthesis: overview. Life, 12: 594.
• Al-Jobori, K. M. and Al-Hadithy, S. A. (2014). Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum) to foliar application of iron, manganese, copper and zinc. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 7: 358.
• Anonymous (2024a). Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Soil Analysis Results, Ankara, Türkiye.
• Anonymous (2024b). Ankara Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi (ASKI). https://www.aski.gov.tr/TR/SuAnalizSonuclari.aspx (Accessed Date: 15.09.2024) (In Turkish)
• Aryal, M., Pandey, K. R., Dhakal, S., Tumbapo, S. and Joshi, Y. (2023). Performance of potato cultivar “rolpa” local (Solanum tuberosum L.) under different mulching conditions and zinc levels at rolpa, Nepal. Peruvian Journal of Agronomy, 7:27-41.
• Brestic, M. and Allakhverdiev, S. I. (2022). Photosynthesis under biotic and abiotic environmental stress. Cells, 11(24): 3953.
• Çağlar, S. K. and Koç, C. (2023). The role and importance of village institutes in rural development and planning in Turkey. Urban Academy, 16(3):1620-1638. (In Turkish)
• Das, S. K., Avasthe, R. K., Singh, M., Dutta, S. K. and Roy, A. (2018). Zinc in plant soil system and management strategy. Agrica, 7:130-136.
• Demir, M. and Çalışkan, S. (2017). The effect of iron fertılızatıon on plant growth, yıeld and qualıty of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). KU Journal of Natural Sciences, 20:241-245. (In Turkish)
• Dhaliwal, S., Sharma, S. V and Shukla, A. K. (2022). Impact of micronutrients in mitigation of abiotic stresses in soils and plants: A progressive step toward crop security and nutritional quality. Advances in Agronomy, 173:1-78.
• Duan, M., Liu, T., Liu, B., Yin, S., Zang, J., Zhao, C., Lv, G. and Zhang, T. (2023). Zinc nutrition and dietary zinc supplements. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(9):1277-1292.
• El-Sobky, E. S. E. (2021). Response of wheat to micronutrients foliar application, compost and N fertilizer level. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 52(13):1510-1526.
• Erkek, B., Yaman, M., Sümbül, A., Demirel, S., Demirel, F., Çoskun, Ö. F., Say, A., Eren, B., Aydin, A. and Eroglu, A. (2025). The natural diversity of scrataegus monogyna Jacq. In Northeastern Türkiye encompasses morphological, biochemical, and molecular features. Horticulturae, 11: 238.
• Ete Aydemir, Ö. (2024). The effect of zinc fertilization on dry matter yield and micronutrient uptake of different maize genotypes in zinc-deficient acid soil. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 13(2): 369-375. (In Turkish)
• Fageria, N. K., Baligar, V. C. and Li, Y. C. (2008). The role of nutrient-efficient plants in improving crop yields in the twenty-first century. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31(6):1121-1157.
• Farouk, S. (2015). Improving growth and productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by some bio-stimulants and lithovit with or without boron. Journal of Plant Production, 6(12): 2187-2206.
• Gaj, R., Górski, D. and Majchrzak, L. (2020). The effect of potassium and micronutrient foliar fertilization on the content and accumulation of microelements, yield and quality parameters of potato tubers. Agriculture, 10(11):530.
• Gonzalez, F., Pavek, M.J., Holden, Z.J. and Garza, R. (2023). Evaluating potato evapotranspiration and crop coefficients in the Columbia Basin of Washington state. Agricultural Water Management, 286:108371.
• González-Caballo, P., Barrón, V., Torrent J Del Campillo, M. C. and Sánchez-Rodríguez, A. R. (2022). Wheat and maize grown on two contrasting zinc-deficient calcareous soils respond differently to soil and foliar application of zinc. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 22:1718–1731.
• Gupta, S., Srivastava, P. K. and Singh, R. P. (2023). Application of plant growth-promoting microbes to enrich zinc in potatoes for nutritional security and sustainable agriculture. Rhizosphere, 25:100665.
• Hussain, S., Khan, S.M., Jamal, A., Mihoub, A., Saeed, M. F., Khalid, M. S., Babar, S. and Ahmad, S. (2022). Improvement of growth, yield and biochemical properties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.“Montreal” and “Red Bull”) by foliar application of zinc under calcareous soil conditions. Gesunde Pflanze, 74:561-570.
• Hussein, A., Jiang, W., Wang, X., Shahid, S., Saba, N., Ahmad, M., Dar, A., Masood, S. U., Imran, M. and Mustafa, A. (2022). Mechanistic impact of zinc deficiency in human development. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9:717064.
• İkinci, A. and Aldanmaz, Ş. (2022). The effect of boron and zinc containing foliar fertilizer applications on leaf mineral content of '0900 Ziraat' cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivar. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 19(2): 283-295. (In Turkısh)
• Irmak, S., Cıl, A. N., Yucel, H. and Kaya, Z. (2015). Effects of zinc application on yield and some yield components in peanut Arachis hypogaea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22 (1):109-116.
• Islam, R., Hossain, J., Huda, S., Azam, G., Hossain, F., Zaman, A. U., Moula, S., Ahmed, N. U., Hossain, J., Sabagh, A.E. and Islum, M. S. (2024). Assessment of drought tolerance in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] through phenology, growth, protein yield, and cluster heatmap analysis. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 107(4): 6.
• Kara, K. (2016). Determination of the performance of some potato varieties in Erzurum conditions. Atatürk University Journal of the Agricultural Faculty, 47(2): 95-99. ( In Turkish)
• Kassambara, A. and Kassambara, M. A. (2019). Package ‘ggcorrplot’. R package version 0.1, 3(3): 908.
• Khan, M. W., Rab, A., Ali, R., Sajid, M., Aman, F., Khan, I., Husseın, I. and Ali, A. (2019). Effect of potassium and zinc on growth, yield and tuber quality of potato. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 35:330-335.
• Kolde, R. (2019). Pheatmap: Pretty heatmaps. R package version, 1(2): 726.
• Laurent, C., Bravin, M. N., Crouzet, O., Pelosi, C., Tillard, E., Lecomte, P. and Lamy, I. (2020). Increased soil pH and dissolved organic matter after a decade of organic fertilizer application mitigate copper and zinc availability despite contamination. Science of the Total Environment, 709: 135927.
• Mabesa, R. L., Impa, S. M., Grewal, D. and Johnson-Beebout, S. E. (2013). Contrasting grain-Zn response of biofortification rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding lines to foliar Zn application. Field Crops Research, 149: 223-233.
• Mahmoud, A. W. M., Abdeldaym, E. A., Abdelaziz, S. M., El-Sawy, M. B. and Mottaleb, S. A. (2019). Synergetic effects of zinc. Boron, silicon, and zeolite nanoparticles confer tolerance in potato plants subjected to salinity. Agronomy, 10(1): 19.
• Mahmud, N. U., Ferdous, Z., Ullah, H., Ahmed, N. U., Molla, S. H. and Anwar, M. (2021). Effect of zinc on grading, quality and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Bangladesh. İnternational Journal of Agricultural Technology, 17(5):1821-1832.
• Mattiello, E. M., Ruiz, H. A., Neves, J. C., Ventrella, M. C. and Araújo, W. L. (2015). Zinc deficiency affects physiological and anatomical characteristics in maize leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 183:138-143.
• Meng, Y., Xiang, C., Huo, J., Shen, S., Tang, Y. and Wu, L. (2023). Toxicity effects of zinc supply on growth revealed by physiological and transcriptomic evidence in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). Scientific Reports, 13: 19203.
• Mondal, S. S., Patra, B. C. and Banerjee, H. (2015). Micronutrient Management. In: Advances in Potato Cultivation Technology. Ed(s): Mondal, S. S., Patra, B. C. and Banerjee, H., Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
• Ödemiş, B. and Çalışkan, M. E. (2014). Photosynthetic response of potato plants to soil salinity. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 1(2): 1429–1439.
• Ok, F. Z., and Şanlı, A. (2024). The effects of foliar gibberellic acid applications on tuber yield, quality and dormancy period in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 12(11): 1865-1871.( In Turkish)
• Özbek, D. G. (2020). The effects of zinc application on the yield and quality criteria of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Kayseri conditions (MSc. Thesis). Erciyes University, Natural and Applied Sciences Institute, Kayseri, Türkiye. (In Turkish)
• Phuphong, P., Cakmak, I., Yazici, A., Rerkasem, B. and Prom-u-Thai, C. (2020). Shoot and root growth of rice seedlings as affected by soil and foliar zinc applications. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43: 1259-1267.
• Rusinovci, I., Aliu, S., Demirbaş, S., Zeka, D. and Jakupi, M. (2024). The effect of heavy metals in potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) genotypes for some physiological parameters. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 21(4):980-987.
• Sakinah, A., Musa, Y., Farıd, M., Anshorı, M.F., Arıfuddın, M. and Laraswatı, A. (2021). Cluster heatmap for screening the drought-tolerant rice through hydroponic culture. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environment Science, 807:042045.
• Saltali, K. and Nedirli, A. (2021) Phosphorus sorption by gyttja and its effect on the pH value and phosphorus in acidic soils. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 45: 402-410.
• Sarkar, S., Banerjee, H. and Sengupta, K. (2018) Agronomic fortification of zinc in potato production in Indian context: A review. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(3): 1037-1045.
• SAS Institute Inc. (2017). JMP® Statistical Discovery Software, version 17.0, Cary, NC, U. S. A.
• Seleiman, M. F., Al-Selwey, W. A., Ibrahim, A. A., Shady, M. and Alsadon, A. A. (2023). Foliar applications of ZnO and SiO2 nanoparticles mitigate water deficit and enhance potato yield and quality traits. Agronomy, 13(2): 466.
• Sillanpaeae, M (1990). Micronutrient assessment at the country level: An international study: FAO Soils Bulletin 63:208., Rome, Italy.
• Singh, A. K. and Bhatt, B. P. (2013). Effect of foliar application of zinc on growth and seed yield of late-sown lentil (Lens culinaris). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 83: 622-626.
• Singh, B., Sharma, J., Sood, S., Bhardwaj Siddappa, V., Dalamu, S., Kardile, H. B., Sharma, V., Bhawna, D., Vinod, K., Dua, V. K., Goutam, U. and Pandey, N. K. (2023). Genetic variations in tuber dry matter (%), yield and mineral concentrations in a diversity panel of tetraploid potatoes. Potato Research, 66:179-193.
• Tamanini Junior, C., Anderle, L. Z., De Souza, L. B., Balena, L., Malanchuk, J. P., De Matos, C. K. and Kawakami, J. (2023). Tuber yield and quality of potato processing cultivars submitted to nitrogen rates. Horticulcure Brasileira, 41: e2562.
• Usta, A., Yilmaz, M., Kocamanoğlu, Y. O. and Genc, E. (2018). Effects of land covers on hydro-physical soil characteristics in semi-arid environments: the case of Gumushane-Siran, Turkey. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16: 5.
• Wang, F., Wu, H., Yang, M., Xu, W., Zhao, W., Qiu, R., Kang, N. and Cui, G. (2024). Unveiling salt tolerance mechanisms and hub genes in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) through transcriptomic and WGCNA analysis. Plants, 13: 3141.
• Yahaya, S. M., Mahmud, A. A., Abdullahi, M. and Haruna, A. (2023). Recent advances in the chemistry of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as fertilizers in soil: A review. Pedosphere, 33: 385-406.
• Younas, N., Fatima, I., Ahmad, I. A., and Ayyaz, M. K. (2023). Alleviation of zinc deficiency in plants and humans through an effective technique; biofortification: A detailed review. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43(3): 419-425.
• Zhu, Y., Yu, Q., Luo, Q., Zhang, H., Zhao, J., Ju, Z., Du, Y. and Yang, Y. (2021). Impacts of climate change on suitability zonation for potato cultivation in Jilin Province Northeast China. Scientific Reports, 11(1): 13103.