Kırşehir İli Ayçiçeği Üretim Alanlarındaki Önemli Yabancı Ot Türleri, Yoğunlukları ve Rastlanma Sıklıkları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Öz

Yabancı ot rekabeti, ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) veriminde %70’e kadar ulaşabilen kayıplara yol açabilmekte, ayçiçeği tarımı nerede ise imkansız hale gelebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte Kırşehir ili ayçiçeği üretim alanlarında ekonomik açıdan önemli olan yabancı ot florası hakkında kapsamlı bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu amaçla 2023 ve 2024 üretim yıllarında Kırşehir ayçiçeği üretim alanlarında survey çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Surveyler tüm ili kapsayacak şekilde ilçe ve il düzeyinde planlanmıştır. Toplam 77 ayçiçeği üretim alanında survey çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışma sonucunda Kırşehir İli ayçiçeği üretim alanında 26 farklı familya ya dahil olan 70 tür yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Ayçiçeği üretim alanında Asteraceaenin en fazla yabancı ot türü (16 tür) içeren familya olduğu tespit edilmiş olup, bunu sırasıyla, Fabaceae (6 tür) ve Poaceae (10 tür) izlemiştir. Tespit edilen yabancı otların 45’i tek yıllık, 17’si çok yıllık, 2’si iki yıllık, 2’si tek /iki yıllık ve diğerleri ise tek /çok yıllık, iki yıllık/çok yıllık, iki yıllık/monokarpik ve parazit türler oluşturmuştur. 2023 ve 2024 yıllarında oluşturdukları yoğunluk bakımından (bitki/m2), sırasıyla, Heliotropium europaeum L. (2.60-1.87), Centaurea depressa L. (1.97-1.56), Chenopodium album L. (1.83-3.02), Sinapis arvensis L. (1.22-1.31), Convolvulus arvensis L. (0.56-1.01) türleri en baskın türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Rastlanma sıklıkları birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; 2023-2024 yıllarında, sırasıyla, Convolvulus arvensis L. (%72.97-%70), Chenopodium album L. (%70.27-%77.5), Heliotropium europaeum L. (%52.94-%42.5), Amaranthus retroflexus L. (%45.94), Sinapis arvensis L. (%40.54-%57.5) yabancı ot türleri en yaygın türler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Kırşehir ili Ayçiçek üretim alanlarındaki başlıca yabancı ot türlerini ve bunların popülasyon dinamiklerini ortaya koyarak, bölgedeki ayçiçeği veriminin arttırılmasına yönelik entegre yabancı ot yönetimi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine önemli bir temel veri sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Helianthus annuus L.
• Kırşehir
• Yabancı ot yoğunluk analizi
• Yabancı ot rastlanma sıklığı
• Yabancı ot florası

Research on the Significant Weed Species, Densities, and Frequencies in Sunflower-Cultivated Areas of Kırşehir Province

Öz

Weed competition can lead to yield losses of up to 70% in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), making its cultivation nearly impossible under severe infestations. Despite this, there is currently no comprehensive study focusing on the economically significant weed flora in the sunflower-growing regions of Kırşehir Province, Türkiye. To address this gap, surveys were conducted across sunflower production areas in Kırşehir during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons. These surveys were systematically planned at both district and provincial levels to ensure full coverage of the region. Surveys were carried out in a total of 77 sunflower production areas. As a result of this study, 70 species of weeds belonging to 26 different families were identified in the sunflower production area of Kırşehir Province. Among them, Asteraceae was the most dominant family with 15 species, followed by Fabaceae (6 species) and Poaceae (10 species). In terms of life cycle, 45 species were annuals, 17 perennials, 2 biennials, and the remaining included annual/biennial, annual/perennial, biennial/perennial, monocarpic biennials, and parasitic species. The most dominant weed species based on plant density (plants/m²) in 2023 and 2024, respectively, were: Heliotropium europaeum L. (2.60–1.87), Centaurea depressa L. (1.97–1.56), Chenopodium album L. (1.83–3.02), Sinapis arvensis L. (1.22–1.31), Convolvulus arvensis L. (0.56–1.01) respectively. Regarding frequency, the most prevalent species across the two years were: Convolvulus arvensis L. (72.97%–70.0%), Chenopodium album L. (70.27%–77.5%), Heliotropium europaeum L. (52.94%–42.5%), Amaranthus retroflexus L. (45.94%), Sinapis arvensis L. (40.54%–57.5%). This study provides the first comprehensive identification of dominant weed species and their population dynamics in the sunflower production areas of Kırşehir. The findings offer crucial baseline data to support the development of integrated weed management strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kırşehir
• Sunflower production areas
• Weed density analysis
• Weed frequency
• Weed flora

Kaynakça

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