The Rising Importance of Hulless Barley in Human Nutrition and the Need for Improved Agronomic Practices

Öz

The cultivation requirements of hulless barley, whose importance and utilization in human nutrition are increasing, are not yet widely known. Before newly developed varieties are adopted by farmers, it is critical to assess their regional adaptability and agronomic characteristics to help prevent potential yield, quality, and economic losses. In this regard, two newly registered two-row hulless barley cultivars Yalın (winter type) and Özen (spring type) were evaluated based on different sowing densities. The research was conducted during the 2015–2016, 2016–2017, and 2018–2019 growing seasons at the Central Research Institute for Field Crops (TARM), Gölbaşı/İkizce Research and Application Farm, under a fallow–cereal cropping system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Five different seed densities were tested for each cultivar: 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 seeds m⁻² for Yalın; and 350, 450, 550, 650, and 750 seeds m⁻² for Özen. The study evaluated yield and yield components (plant height, number of plants and spikes per square meter, biological yield, harvest index, and grain yield), as well as quality parameters such as hectoliter weight, thousand-kernel weight, sieve retention value, grain size classification, protein content, and beta-glucan content. Optimum plant density was determined in terms of physical yield and seed production potential. Grain yield in the Yalın cultivar ranged between 294.61 and 378.75 kg da⁻¹. The highest grain yield (378.75 kg da⁻¹) was obtained at a seeding rate of 700 seeds m⁻². The economic optimum seed rate was determined as 540.37 seeds m⁻², which corresponded to an estimated grain yield of 357.50 kg da⁻¹. In the Özen cultivar, grain yield ranged between 177.35 and 216.08 kg da⁻¹. The highest grain yields (213.78 and 216.08 kg da⁻¹) were achieved at seeding rates of 650 and 750 seeds m⁻², respectively. The economic optimum seeding rate was determined as 568.34 seeds m⁻², at which a grain yield of 206.68 kg da⁻¹ was estimated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hulles barley
• Seed amount
• New variety
• Beta glucan
• Grain yield

Kavuzsuz Arpanın İnsan Beslenmesinde Artan Önemi ve Kullanımına Yönelik Yetiştirme Tekniği İhtiyaçları

Öz

İnsan beslenmesinde önemi ve kullanımı artan kavuzsuz arpaya ait yetiştirme tekniği ihtiyaçları yaygın olarak bilinmemektedir. Yeni geliştirilen çeşitlerin çiftçiler tarafından kullanımından önce bölgeye uyumlarının ve bitkisel özelliklerinin ortaya konulması, muhtemel verim, kalite ve ekonomik kayıplarının önlenmesine katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu doğrultuda yeni tescil edilmiş olan iki sıralı kavuzsuz arpa Yalın (kışlık) ve Özen (yazlık), çeşitleri ekim sıklığı bakımından denemeye alınmıştır. Araştırma 2015-2016, 2016-2017 ve 2018-2019 üretim sezonunda Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü (TARM) Müdürlüğü, Gölbaşı/İkizce Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde, nadas – tahıl sistemi içerisinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırma tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Yalın çeşidinde tohum miktarı (300, 400, 500, 600 ve 700 adet tohum m-²), Özen çeşidinde (350, 450, 550, 650, ve 750 tohum m-²) tohum miktarları denenmiştir. Araştırmada çeşitlerin verim ve verim öğeleri (bitki boyu, metrekarede bitki ve başak sayısı, biyolojik verim, hasat indeksi ve tane verimi) ile bazı kalite parametreleri (hektolitre ağırlığı, 1000 tane ağırlığı, elek üstü değeri, irilik sınıfı, protein oranı ve beta glukan değeri) incelenmiş, fiziki verim ve tohumluk üretimi yönünden optimum tohum miktarı belirlenmiştir. Yalın çeşidinde, tane verimi 294.61- 378.75 kd da-1 arasında değişmiştir. Yüksek tane verimi alabilmek için (378.75 kg da-1) gerekli olan tohum miktarının 700 tohum m-² olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ekonomik optimum tohum miktarının 540.37 tohum m-² olduğu ve bu tohum miktarında alınabilecek tane veriminin 357.50 kg da-1 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özen çeşidinde tane verimi 177.35- 216.08 kg da-1arasında değişmiştir. Yüksek tane verim alabilmek için (213.78 ve 216. 08 kg da-1) gerekli olan tohum miktarının 650 ve 750 tohum m-² olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ekonomik optimum tohum miktarının 568.34 tohum m-² olduğu ve bu tohum miktarında alınabilecek tane veriminin ise 206.68 kg da-1 olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kavuzsuz arpa
• Tohum miktarı
• Yeni çeşit
• Beta glukan
• Tane verimi

Kaynakça

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