Türkiye'deki Muz Seralarında Meloidogyne incognita’ nın Popülasyon Dinamiklerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Kök-ur nematodu (Meloidogyne incognita), dünya genelinde birçok kültür bitkisinde önemli ürün kayıplarına yol açan yaygın bir zararlıdır. Sera koşulları, nematodların yıl boyunca aktif kalmasına olanak tanıyarak zararın şiddetini artırabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, seralarda nematod türlerinin popülasyon yoğunluklarının ve dalgalanmalarının izlenmesi, entegre mücadele stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Mersin ili Kazanlı bölgesinde yeni kurulan iki muz serasında önemli kök-ur nematodu popülasyonlarının 2021–2023 yılları arasında aylık olarak izlenmesi, popülasyon yoğunluklarının zamana bağlı değişimlerinin belirlenmesi ve elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda etkili ve doğru zamanlı mücadelenin planlamasına katkı sağlamaktır. Bu amaçla alınan toprak örneklerinde, önemli bitki paraziti nematodlardan yalnızca M. incognita saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar, birinci serada M. incognita popülasyonunun 2021–2022 ve 2022–2023 dönemlerinde Şubat–Mart aylarında en yüksek düzeyine (1190 J2/100 g toprak) ulaştığını, ardından Nisan–Mayıs aylarında azaldığını göstermiştir. İlk yıl popülasyon dinamiklerinde belirgin dalgalanmalar gözlenirken, ikinci yıl daha istikrarlı ve düşük tepe noktaları kaydedilmiştir. İkinci serada ise özellikle Şubat–Mart döneminde popülasyon yoğunluğu en yüksek seviyeye (1530 J2/100 g toprak) ulaşmış, Temmuz–Ağustos aylarında ise sırasıyla 820 ve 1380 J2/100 g yoğunluk ile yüksek popülasyonlar gözlenmiştir. 2022–2023 sezonu boyunca ikinci seradaki popülasyonlar daha yüksek ve devamlı olmuştur. Her iki serada da M. incognita popülasyonu genellikle Şubat–Mart aylarında zirve yapmış, yaz başında azalma göstermiş ve kış aylarında (Aralık–Ocak) nispeten düşük seviyelerde seyretmiştir. Ayrıca, ikinci serada ikinci yıl popülasyonu birinci yıla göre daha yüksek, birinci serada ise daha düşük bulunmuştur. Elde edilen veriler, Şubat–Mart döneminin mücadele zamanlaması açısından kritik olduğunu göstermektedir. Popülasyon yükselmeye başladığı Ocak sonu Şubat başı itibarıyla popülasyonu baskılayıcı uygulamalara başlanması, nematod mücadelesinin etkinliğini artırabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kök-ur nematodu
• Popülasyon dalgalanması
• Nematod takibi
• Muz

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank Çukurova University, Department of Plant Protection and Institute of Science for providing the necessary facilities during the study.

Investigation of Population Dynamics of Meloidogyne incognita in Banana Greenhouses in Türkiye

Öz

The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is a globally distributed pest responsible for substantial yield losses in a wide range of crops. Under greenhouse conditions, nematodes remain active throughout the year, which can intensify the severity of damage. Consequently, monitoring nematode population densities and seasonal fluctuations in greenhouses is essential for the development of effective integrated management strategies. The present study aimed to monitor the monthly population dynamics of root-knot nematodes between 2021 and 2023 in two newly established banana greenhouses in the Kazanlı region of Mersin Province in Türkiye. Soil analyses revealed that among the important plant-parasitic nematodes, only M. incognita was detected. In the greenhouse 1, M. incognita populations reached their highest level (1190 J2/100 g soil) in February–March during both the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 growing periods, followed by a decline in April–May. While marked fluctuations were recorded in the first year, more stable dynamics with lower peaks were observed in the second year. In the greenhouse 2, the population reached its maximum level (1530 J2/100 g soil) during February–March, and remained high in July–August with 820 and 1380 J2/100 g soil, respectively. Overall, populations in the greenhouse 2 were consistently higher and more persistent throughout the 2022–2023 season. In both greenhouses, nematode populations generally peaked in February–March, declined in early summer, and remained relatively low during the winter (December–January). Furthermore, population density in the greenhouse 2 was higher in the second year compared to the first, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the greenhouse 1. These findings highlight that the February–March period represents a critical window for implementing control measures. Preventive treatments initiated in late January to early February, at the onset of population increases, may enhance the effectiveness of nematode management strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Root-knot nematodes
• Population dynamics
• Nematode monitoring
• Banana

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank Çukurova University, Department of Plant Protection and Institute of Science for providing the necessary facilities during the study.

Kaynakça

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