Vermikompost ve Kimyasal Gübre Kombinasyonlarının Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) Verim ve Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Kimyasal gübrelerin uzun süreli ve yoğun kullanımı, toprakların fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerinde bozulmalara yol açmıştır. Bu bozulmalar organik madde kaybı, besin elementleri dengesizlikleri, mikrobiyal aktivitenin azalması gibi sorunlara ve bunlara bağlı olarak toprak verimliliğinde düşüşe neden olmaktadır. Bugün tarımsal üretim sistemlerinin sürdürülebilirliğini tehdit eden bu durum karşısında, organik içerikli girdilerin tarımsal üretime entegre edilmesi, toprak sağlığının korunması ve kimyasal gübrelere olan bağımlılığın azaltılması stratejik bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Bu gereklilikten yola çıkarak yürütülen çalışmada arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) yetiştiriciliğinde farklı oranlarda uygulanan vermikompost ve kimyasal gübre kombinasyonlarının verim ve kalite parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma, Ankara’da, tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre, tarla koşullarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulamalar; %75 kimyasal gübre + %25 vermikompost (AKV1), %50 kimyasal gübre + %50 vermikompost (AKV2), yalnızca vermikompost (V) ve yalnızca kimyasal gübre (KG) olmak üzere dört grup olarak belirlenmiş, bu uygulamalar kontrol (K) grubu ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular, bitki boyu, sap kalınlığı, başakta tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, toplam tane ağırlığı, tane ve sap azot içeriği ile ham protein oranı bakımından uygulamalar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir (p < 0.05). En yüksek değerler %50 kimyasal gübre + %50 vermikompost (AKV2) uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Vermikompost uygulamaları, toprak mikrobiyal biyokütlesini ve enzimatik aktiviteleri artırarak besin mineralizasyonunu hızlandırmış; kök gelişimi, besin alımı ve fotosentetik etkinliği desteklemiştir. Bu biyolojik iyileşme, kimyasal gübrelerle birlikte kullanıldığında sinerjik bir etkileşim oluşturarak verim ve kalite artışını maksimum düzeye taşımıştır. Sonuçlar, vermikompostun arpa üretiminde çevre dostu ve ekonomik bir gübreleme stratejisi sunduğunu ve Entegre Besin Yönetimi (INM) ilkeleriyle uyumlu biçimde kimyasal gübre kullanımını %50 oranında azaltırken verim ve kalite parametrelerinde herhangi bir kayba yol açmadığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toprak verimliliği
• Organik düzenleyici
• Besin kullanım etkinliği
• Entegre besin yönetimi
• Sürdürülebilir tarım

Effects of Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizer Combinations on Yield and Quality Characteristics of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Öz

The long-term and intensive use of chemical fertilizers has led to the deterioration of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. These deteriorations have caused adverse effects such as the loss of organic matter, decreased microbial activity, nutrient imbalances, and reduced soil fertility. In the face of this situation, which threatens the sustainability of agricultural production systems today, the integration of organic-based inputs into agricultural production, the protection of soil health, and the reduction of dependency on chemical fertilizers have become a strategic necessity. Based on this necessity, this study was conducted to determine the effects of different combinations of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers applied at varying rates on yield and quality parameters in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivation. The study was carried out under field conditions in Ankara, Türkiye, according to the completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of four groups: 75% chemical fertilizer + 25% vermicompost (AKV1), 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% vermicompost (AKV2), vermicompost alone (V), and chemical fertilizer alone (KG), which were compared with a control (K) group. The findings showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments in terms of plant height, stem thickness, number of grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, total grain weight, grain and straw nitrogen content, and crude protein ratio. The highest values were obtained from the 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% vermicompost (AKV2) treatment. Vermicompost applications increased soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activities, accelerated nutrient mineralization, and supported root development, nutrient uptake, and photosynthetic efficiency. This biological improvement created a synergistic interaction when combined with chemical fertilizers, maximizing yield and quality. The results indicate that vermicompost offers an environmentally friendly and economical fertilization strategy for barley production and, in accordance with the principles of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), allows a 50% reduction in chemical fertilizer use without compromising yield and quality parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soil fertility
• Organic amendment
• Nutrient use efficiency
• Integrated Nutrient Management
• Sustainable agriculture

Kaynakça

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