Van Bölgesi (Türkiye) İğde Ağacı (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Çiçeklerindeki Uçucu Bileşiklerin Karakterizasyonu

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Van ilinde toplanan Elaeagnus angustifolia L. çiçeklerindeki uçucu bileşikleri Headspace Katı Faz Mikro Ekstraksiyonu (HS-SPME) ve Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometrisi (GC/MS) kullanarak incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, bu bitkinin 12 farklı genotipine ait uçucu bileşik profillerini belirlemek ve aroma özellikler bakımından ortaya çıkan farklılıkları değerlendirmektir. Analizler sonucunda 67 uçucu bileşik tespit edilmiştir. Bu bileşikler; 6 alifatik aldehit, 2 aromatik aldehit, 9 alifatik alkol, 3 aromatik alkol, 19 alifatik ester, 5 aromatik ester, 8 keton ve 15 terpen olmak üzere çeşitli kimyasal gruplara ayrılmıştır. Tatlı ve meyvemsi kokunun başlıca belirleyicileri olan esterler genotipler arasında %19.09 ile %87.65 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek ester içeriği genotip 8’de (%87.65) bulunmuş olup bu genotip güçlü bir tatlı aroma sergilemiştir; en düşük ester içeriği ise genotip 9’da (%19.09) belirlenmiştir. Taze ve keskin koku notalarına katkı sağlayan aldehitler en yüksek genotip 3’te (%59.54), en düşük genotip 7’de (%5.35) saptanmıştır. Alkoller genotip 11’de (%11.6) ile en yüksek, genotip 7’de (%2.75) ile en düşük seviyede görülmüştür. Kokuya karmaşıklık ve kalıcılık kazandıran ketonlar genotip 1’de (%8.18) ile en yüksek düzeyde olup genotip 10’da keton tespit edilmemiştir. Terpenler ise daha düşük oranlarda bulunmuş; en yüksek genotip 5’te (%8.18), en düşük genotip 9’da (%2.12) olarak belirlenmiştir. Genotipler arasındaki bu kimyasal farklılıklar, süs bitkisi ve tıbbi kullanım açısından uygun genotiplerin seçilmesi için önemli bir potansiyel ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, iğde türüne yönelik ıslah programları ile koku ve farmasötik ürün geliştirme çalışmalarına bilimsel bir temel sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, aroma oluşturan temel bileşiklerdeki belirgin varyasyon, bazı genotiplerin hoş ve kalıcı çiçek kokusunun arzu edildiği kentsel yeşil alanlarda kullanım için özellikle uygun olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bulgular, iğdenin ekolojik ve kültürel değerini vurgulamakta; peyzaj düzenlemeleri, geleneksel tıp ve aromatik ürün endüstrilerinde korunması ve sürdürülebilir kullanımına destek sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İğde ağacı
• Kentsel yeşil alanlar
• Koku peyzajı
• Uçucu bileşik profilleri

Characterization of Volatile Compounds in Flowers of the Oleaster Tree (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) from The Van Region, Türkiye

Öz

This study investigates the volatile compounds in the flowers of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. from the Van province of Türkiye using Headspace Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The objective was to identify and compare the volatile profiles of 12 different genotypes of this plant to assess differences in aroma. The results revealed the presence of 67 volatile compounds, including 6 aliphatic aldehydes, 2 aromatic aldehydes, 9 aliphatic alcohols, 3 aromatic alcohols, 19 aliphatic esters, 5 aromatic esters, 8 ketones, and 15 terpenes. Esters, which are the main contributors to the sweet and fruity fragrance, ranged from 19.09% to 87.65% across the genotypes. Genotype 8 exhibited the highest ester content (87.65%), producing a strong sweet aroma, while genotype 9 had the lowest ester content (19.09%). Aldehydes, contributing to fresh and sharp notes, were most abundant in genotype 3 (59.54%) and least in genotype 7 (5.35%). Alcohols were highest in genotype 11 (11.6%) and lowest in genotype 7 (2.75%). Ketones, which add complexity and longevity to the fragrance, were highest in genotype 1 (8.18%), while genotype 10 had no detectable ketones. Terpenes were found in smaller amounts, with genotype 5 having the highest content (8.18%) and genotype 9 the lowest (2.12%). These chemical differences among the genotypes highlight the potential for selecting specific genotypes for ornamental and medicinal applications. This study provides a foundation for breeding programs and the development of fragrance and pharmaceutical products from Oleaster. Furthermore, the clear variation in key aroma-contributing compounds suggests that certain genotypes may be particularly suitable for use in urban green spaces where pleasant and persistent floral scents are desirable. The findings also emphasize the ecological and cultural value of Oleaster, supporting its conservation and sustainable utilization in landscaping, traditional medicine, and aromatic product industries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Odour landscape
• Oleaster tree
• Urban green areas
• Volatile profiles

Kaynakça

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