Kadife Çiçeğinde (Tagetes erecta L.) Harpin ile Kuraklık Toleransının Artırılması

Öz

Kadife çiçeği, farklı iklim koşullarında yetişebilen ve yüksek estetik değere sahip bitkiler arasında yer almaktadır. Ancak artan kuraklık koşulları, bu türün sürdürülebilir peyzaj tasarımlarındaki kullanımını tehdit etmektedir. Kuraklık stresini azaltmaya yönelik stratejilerin geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Harpin proteinleri gibi elisitörler, bitkilerde stres toleransını artırmak amacıyla kullanılmakta olsa da mevsimlik çiçekler üzerindeki çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, yapraktan uygulanan harpin çözeltilerinin (0.5; 2.0 ve 10.0 ppm) kuraklık koşulları altında yetiştirilen Tagetes erecta L. F1 ‘Bali Orange’ çeşidinde morfolojik, biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik özellikler üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Üç harpin uygulamasının ardından fideler %100 veya %40 tarla kapasitesi (TK) koşullarına alınmıştır. Deneme, %40 TK altında yetiştirilen ve harpin uygulanmayan bitkilerin %50’sinden fazlasında gözle görülür kuraklık belirtileri ortaya çıktığında sonlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, yaprak alanı, çiçek çapı, klorofil içeriği, nispi yaprak su içeriği, prolin miktarı, malondialdehit düzeyi ve membran hasar indeksi incelenmiştir. Kısıtlı sulama koşullarında yetiştirilen kadife çiçeklerinde, iyi sulanan bitkilere kıyasla bitki gelişim parametrelerinde belirgin baskılanma gözlenmiştir. Buna karşın, kuraklık koşullarında harpin uygulanan fidelerde, uygulama yapılmayanlara göre tüm özelliklerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p≤0.05) iyileşmeler tespit edilmiştir. Harpin uygulaması, membran hasarını azaltarak ve nispi yaprak su içeriği ile klorofil düzeylerini koruyarak stresi hafifletmiş ve morfolojik özellikleri olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. Kuraklık altında harpin uygulanan bitkilerde ölçülen birçok özelliğin, iyi sulanan bitkilere benzerlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Tüm parametreler dikkate alındığında, 0.5 ppm harpin konsantrasyonunun en etkili uygulama olduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, peyzaj uygulamaları öncesinde harpin gibi elisitörlerin kullanımının bitkilerde stres toleransını artırarak estetik fonksiyon süresini uzatabileceğini göstermektedir. Farklı türlerde, uygun doz ve uygulama zamanının belirlenmesine yönelik ilave çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elisitör
• Kısıtlı sulama
• Mevsimlik çiçek
• Abiyotik stres
• MDA

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK / Ankara) tarafından 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri programı kapsamında mali olarak desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

1919B012208508

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul izni alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK / Ankara) tarafından 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri programı kapsamında mali olarak desteklenmiştir.

Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) with Harpin Treatment

Öz

Marigolds are plants of high aesthetic value that can grow in various climatic conditions. However, increasing drought conditions threaten their use in sustainable landscape designs. Developing strategies to reduce drought stress is essential. Elicitors like harpin proteins have been used to boost plant stress tolerance, yet studies on seasonal flowers such as marigold remain limited. This study investigated the effects of foliar-applied harpin solutions (0.5 ppm, 2.0 ppm, and 10.0 ppm) on morphological, biochemical, and physiological traits of Tagetes erecta L. F1 'Bali Orange' under drought. After three harpin treatments, seedlings were subjected to either 100% or 40% field capacity (FC). The experiment concluded when more than 50% of untreated plants under 40% FC showed visible drought stress. Parameters analyzed included plant height, leaf number, leaf area, flower diameter, chlorophyll content, relative leaf water content (LRWC), proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and membrane injury index. Marigolds exposed to limited irrigation exhibited significant inhibition of plant growth parameters compared to plants grown under well-irrigated conditions. However, harpin-treated seedlings under drought showed improvements in all traits compared to untreated plants, with statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) depending on the harpin concentration. Harpin alleviated stress by reducing membrane damage and sustaining LRWC and chlorophyll, thereby positively impacting morphology. In particular, the 0.5 ppm harpin treatment resulted in higher plant height (30.33 cm), leaf area (395.00 mm²), and leaf number (83.00 leaves plant⁻¹) compared with the untreated drought-stressed plants. Many traits in harpin-treated plants under drought resembled those in well-irrigated plants. Considering all parameters, the 0.5 ppm harpin concentration proved to be the most effective treatment. These results suggest that applying elicitors like harpin before planting in landscapes can improve stress tolerance and prolong aesthetic function. Further studies on different species are advised to optimize concentration and application timing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elicitor
• Limited irrigation
• Seasonal flowers
• Abiotic stress
• MDA

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK / Ankara) under the 2209-A University Students Research Projects program.

Proje Numarası

1919B012208508

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

This study was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK / Ankara) under the 2209-A University Students Research Projects program.

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