Detection and Molecular Characterization of Potyvirus cepae (OYDV) and Potyvirus ampeloprasi (LYSV) in Areas Where Allium spp. is Cultivated in the Marmara Region, Türkiye

Öz

Onion (Allium cepa L.), leek (Allium porrum L.), and garlic (Allium sativum L.), are widely cultivated in the Marmara region. Potyvirus ampeloprasi (Leek yellow stripe virus, LYSV) and Potyvirus cepae (Onion yellow dwarf virus, OYDV) are condisered the most important viral pathogens causing economic losses in Allium species. Survey studies were conducted on onion and garlic samples in April, May, and June, and on leek samples in July, August, and September during the 2020-2021 period. To determine the incidence of these viruses, leaf samples of 778 garlic, onion and leek plants were collected from fields in the Marmara region (Bursa, Edirne, Kocaeli, Kırklareli, Sakarya, and Tekirdağ). Plants exhibiting viral symptoms such as small and misshapen onion formation, stunted growth, yellow or irregular chlorotic streaks, ring-shaped color changes, general yellowing of leaves, dwarfing, irregular streaks parallel to the main vein, and deformities were collected from the field. The samples were tested for the presence of OYDV and LYSV by ELISA and RT-PCR. As a result of the analyses, OYDV was detected in 175 samples and LYSV was detected in 79 samples. Additionally, 21 samples were determined to be infected with both viruses. OYDV in onions and garlic and LYSV in leeks have been identified as the most common viral pathogens. Successful amplification was achieved using primers specific to certain gene regions (OYDV, NIb-CP, and LYSV, CP). As a result of sequence analysis, the LYSV and OYDV isolates obtained in this study showed respectively 84.6–98.1% and 74.1–99.8% nucleotide sequence identity, respectively, with isolates registered in GenBank OYDV isolates from the United Arab Emirates (AB000839) and China (MN059561, NC_005029, and MT358349) isolates, while LYSV isolates showed the highest similarity to isolates from Iran (MT232838) and Japan (AB005612). In addition, the OYDV isolate TR-OK64 (OR923732) obtained from Bursa was inoculated onto six garlic and fifteen onion genotypes. Reductions in leaf length, bulb height, bulb diameter, and bulb mass were determined in OYDV-inoculated plants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Allium viruses
• OYDV
• LYSV
• RT-PCR
• Sequence analysis

Destekleyen Kurum

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/BSAD/A/21/A2/P1/2483

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Teşekkür

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)’ne finansal desteklerinden dolayı teşekkür ederiz.

Marmara Bölgesi’nde Allium spp. Yetiştirilen Alanlarda Potyvirus cepae (OYDV) ve Potyvirus ampeloprasi (LYSV)’ nin Belirlenmesi ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu

Öz

Soğan (Allium cepa L.), pırasa (Allium porrum L.) ve sarımsak (Allium sativum L.) Marmara Bölgesi’nde yaygın olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Potyvirus ampeloprasi (Leek yellow stripe virus, LYSV) and Potyvirus cepae (Onion yellow dwarf virus, OYDV) Allium türlerinde ekonomik kayıplara neden olan en önemli viral patojenler arasındadır. 2020-2021 yıllarında soğan ve sarımsak örnekleri için Nisan, Mayıs ve Haziran aylarında; pırasa örnekleri için ise Temmuz, Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında survey çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu virüslerin yaygınlığını belirlemek için Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki (Bursa, Edirne, Kocaeli, Kırklareli, Sakarya ve Tekirdağ) tarlalardan 778 adet sarımsak, soğan ve pırasa bitkisinin yaprakları toplanmıştır. Küçük ve şekilsiz soğan oluşumu, büyüme geriliği,sarı veya düzensiz klorotik çizgiler, halka şeklinde renk değişiklikleri, yaprakların genel sararması, bodurlaşma, ana damara paralel düzensiz çizgiler, şekil bozuklukları gibi viral belirti gösteren bitkiler araziden alınmıştır. Örnekler, OYDV ve LYSV varlığı açısından DAS-ELISA ve RT-PCR ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, 175 adet örnekte OYDV, 79 adet örnekte LYSV tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca 21 adet örneğin ise her iki virüs ile de enfekteli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Soğan ve sarımsakta OYDV, pırasada ise LYSV en yaygın bulunan viral patojen olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirli gen bölgelerine özgü primerler kullanılarak (OYDV, NIb-CP ve LYSV, CP) istenen gen bölgelerinin amplifikasyonu sağlanmıştır. Sekans analizi sonucunda, bu çalışmada elde edilen LYSV ve OYDV izolatları ile GenBank’a kayıtlı izolatlar arasında sırasıyla %84.6-98.1 ve %74.1-99.8 benzerlik tespit edilmiştir. OYDV izolatları Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri (AB000839) ve Çin (MN059561, NC_005029 ve MT358349) izolatları ile, LYSV izolatları ise İran (MT232838) ve Japonya (AB005612) izolatları ile en yüksek benzerlik göstermiştir. Ayrıca, Bursa'dan elde edilen OYDV izolatı TR-OK64 (OR923732) 6 adet sarımsak ve 15 adet soğan genotipine inoküle edilmiştir. OYDV inoküle edilen bitkilerde yaprak uzunluğu, yumru yüksekliği, yumru çapı ve yumru kütlesinde azalmalar belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Allium virüsleri
• OYDV
• LYSV
• RT-PCR
• Sekans analizi

Destekleyen Kurum

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/BSAD/A/21/A2/P1/2483

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Teşekkür

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)’ne finansal desteklerinden dolayı teşekkür ederiz.

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