Farklı Tuz Stresi Konsantrasyonlarının Pazı Çeşitlerinin Çimlenme ve Baby Leaf Bitki Gelişimine Etkileri

Öz

Toprak tuzluluğu, özellikle yapraklı sebze üretim sistemlerinde, bitki gelişimini, büyümesini ve verimliliğini sınırlayan en kritik abiyotik stres faktörlerinden biridir. Besin değeri ve hızlı büyümesi nedeniyle baby leaf sebze üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılan Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla, artan tuzluluk seviyelerinden olumsuz etkilenebilir. Bu çalışma, farklı NaCl kaynaklı tuz stresi konsantrasyonlarının, iki İsviçre pazı çeşidi olan ‘Red Chard’ ve ‘Pink Lipstick’in tohum çimlenmesi, fide performansı ve baby leaf bitki gelişimi üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi ve tuzluluğa karşı nispi toleranslarını karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Deney, kontrollü koşullar altında iki aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci aşamada, tohumlar beş farklı tuzluluk seviyesine (0, 50, 100, 150 ve 200 mM NaCl) maruz bırakılmış ve çimlenme yüzdesi, ortalama çimlenme süresi, çimlenme homojenliği, çimlenme indeksi, çimlenme enerjisi ve canlılık indeksi dahil olmak üzere çimlenme parametreleri belirlenmiştir. İkinci aşamada, baby leaf bitkiler seçilen tuz stresi seviyelerinde yetiştirilmiş ve morfolojik özellikler (bitki boyu, gövde çapı, yaprak sayısı, taze ve kuru ağırlık) ile fizyolojik parametreler (görsel stres ölçeği, iyon kaçağı, bağıl su içeriği, turgor kaybı ve SPAD değerleri) değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, en yüksek çimlenme yüzdesi, kontrol uygulaması yapılan pembe pazıda (Pink Lipstick) %57.33 olarak gözlemlenirken, en düşük çimlenme yüzdesi ise 200 mM NaCl uygulaması yapılan kırmızı pazıda %16 olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Her iki çeşitte de ortalama çimlenme süresi en yüksek 200 mM NaCl uygulamasında bulunmuştur. Tüm NaCl uygulamalarının (50–200 mM), çimlenme enerjisini tamamen engellendiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Kırmızı pazıda en yüksek çimlenme indeksi 3.51 ile 50 mM NaCl stresinde bulunurken, pembe pazıda 5.86 ile kontrol grubunda bulunmuştur. Çimlenme gücü indeksi en yüksek 6.55 ile pembe pazıda görülmüştür. Çeşitlerin bitki boyu en yüksek kontrol uygulamasında ölçülmüştür. En yüksek (5.40 mm) bitki çapı kırmızı pazıda 100 mM NaCl uygulamasında, en düşük (3.62 mm) yine kırmızı pazıda kontrol uygulamasındadır. Yaprak sayısı her iki çeşitte de en yüksek 50 mM NaCl uygulamasındadır. 50 mM NaCl stresinde en yüksek bitki kuru ağırlığı 3.44 g ile kırmızı pazıda, 1.17 g ile en düşük pembe pazıda belirlenmiştir. En yüksek iyon sızıntısı 100 mM NaCl stresinde iken en yüksek RWC kontrol uygulamasındadır. Sonuç olarak, tuz toleransı açısından çeşitlere özgü farklılıkların belirgin olduğu ve özellikle fizyolojik tepkiler bakımından ‘Red Chard’ çeşidinin genel olarak ‘Pink Lipstick’ çeşidine kıyasla daha yüksek tolerans gösterdiği ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, tuza toleranslı genotiplerin seçimine yönelik önemli bilgiler sağlamakta ve tuzlu koşullar altında baby leaf sebze üretiminin iyileştirilmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Baby leaf
• Tuz stresi
• Çimlenme
• Pazı çeşitleri
• Abiyotik stres

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Effects of Different Salt Stress Concentratins on Germination and Baby Leaf Plant Development of Chard Cultivars

Öz

Soil salinity is one of the most critical abiotic stress factors limiting crop establishment, growth, and productivity, particularly in leafy vegetable production systems. Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla, widely used in baby leaf vegetable production due to its nutritional value and rapid growth, may be adversely affected by increasing salinity levels. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of NaCl-induced salinity stress on seed germination, seedling performance, and baby leaf plant development of two Swiss chard cultivars, namely ‘Red Chard’ and ‘Pink Lipstick’, and to compare their relative tolerance to salinity. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in two stages. In the first stage, seeds were subjected to five salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl), and germination parameters including germination percentage, mean germination time, germination uniformity, germination index, germination energy, and vigor index were determined. In the second stage, baby leaf plants were grown under selected salt stress levels, and morphological traits (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight) as well as physiological parameters (visual stress scale, ion leakage, relative water content, turgor loss, and SPAD values) were evaluated. According to the results obtained in the study, the highest germination percentage was observed in pink chard (Pink Lipstick) treated with the control treatment at 57.33%, while the lowest germination percentage was observed in red chard treated with 200 mM NaCl at 16%. In both cultivars, the mean germination time was longest at the 200 mM NaCl application. The study revealed that all NaCl applications (50–200 mM) completely inhibited germination energy. The highest germination index in red chard was 3.51 under 50 mM NaCl stress, while in pink chard, the highest value was 5.86 in the control group. The highest germination rate index was observed in pink chard with 6.55. Plant height of the cultivars was measured at its highest in the control treatment. The highest plant diameter (5.40 mm) was observed in red chard with the 100 mM NaCl application, while the lowest (3.62 mm) was observed in the control application, also in red chard. Leaf number is highest in both cultivars with 50 mM NaCl application. Under 50 mM NaCl stress, the highest plant dry weight was determined in red chard with 3.44 g, and the lowest in pink chard with 1.17 g. The highest ion leakage was observed at 100 mM NaCl stress, while the highest RWC values were observed under the control application. In conclusion, cultivar-specific differences in salt tolerance were evident, with ‘Red Chard’ generally exhibiting greater tolerance than ‘Pink Lipstick’, particularly in physiological responses. The findings provide valuable insights for the selection of salt-tolerant genotypes and contribute to improving baby leaf vegetable production under saline conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Baby leaf
• Salt stress
• Germination
• Swiss chard cultivars
• Abiotic stress

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Kaynakça

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