Tasarruf-Rasyonellik Matrisi: Kırsal Sermaye Verimliliğine Çok Boyutlu Bir Yaklaşım: Türkiye, Konya Örneği

Öz

Bu çalışma, çok boyutlu ve davranış odaklı bir bakış açısıyla, Türk tarımında kırsal hane halkı tasarrufları ile rasyonel sermaye kullanımı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Tasarruf davranışını esas olarak gelir, harcama veya varlık sahipliği üzerinden açıklayan geleneksel yaklaşımların aksine, çalışma tasarrufu finansal kapasite, yatırım motivasyonu, sosyal sermaye, kurumsal erişim ve karar verme rasyonelliği tarafından şekillendirilen dinamik bir süreç olarak değerlendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışma, tarımsal hane halklarının tasarruf edip etmediklerini, neden tasarruf ettiklerini, tasarruflarını nasıl tahsis ettiklerini ve bu tasarrufların ne ölçüde üretken sermayeye dönüştüğünü açıklamak için “Tasarruf-Rasyonellik Matrisi Modeli”ni geliştirmiş ve ampirik olarak test etmiştir. Ampirik analiz, Türkiye'nin Konya ilindeki 268 tarım işletmesinden toplanan birincil anket verilerine dayanmaktadır. Gelir kullanımı tüketim, tasarruf ve yatırım kategorilerine ayrılmış ve bu kategoriler arasındaki ilişki işletme büyüklüğüne göre incelenmiştir. Bulgular, toplam gelirin %56,97'sinin tüketime, %43,03'ünün ise tasarrufa ayrıldığını göstermektedir. Ortalama tasarruf miktarı işletme başına 8.021,79 ABD doları iken, ortalama yıllık yatırım harcaması 57.153,45 ABD dolarına ulaşmıştır. Bu, mevcut tasarrufların toplam yatırım ihtiyaçlarının yalnızca %14,04'ünü finanse edebildiğini, kalan %85,96'sının ise borçlanma veya dış finansman kaynakları aracılığıyla karşılandığını göstermektedir. Sonuçlar ayrıca, daha büyük tarım işletmelerinin tasarrufları yatırıma dönüştürme kapasitesinin daha yüksek olduğunu ve daha yüksek sermaye kullanım verimliliği sergilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Metodolojik olarak, çalışma karma analitik bir tasarım kullanmaktadır. Kırsal hanehalklarını tasarruf davranışlarına ve sermaye kullanım yönelimlerine göre sınıflandırmak için K-Means kümeleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Üç ana davranış grubu belirlenmiştir: yatırım odaklı tasarrufçular, geçim güvenliği odaklı tasarrufçular ve tüketim odaklı tasarrufçular. Ek olarak, tasarruf olasılığını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek için ikili lojistik regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, gelir düzeyi, arazi büyüklüğü, eğitim, kooperatif üyeliği, finansal okuryazarlık, tarım dışı gelir ve krediye erişimin tasarruf davranışını önemli ölçüde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, tasarruf, rasyonellik ve kırsal sermaye verimliliğini tek bir analitik çerçeve içinde birleştirerek literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bulguları, kırsal tasarruf davranışının yalnızca ekonomik kapasiteyle değil, aynı zamanda planlama yeteneği, finansal farkındalık, kurumsal katılım ve birikmiş kaynakların kullanım amacı ile de belirlendiğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, tarımsal sermaye verimliliğini artırmayı amaçlayan politikalar, gelir desteğinin ötesine geçmeli ve finansal okuryazarlık programlarını, kooperatif tabanlı danışmanlık hizmetlerini, hedefli tasarruf araçlarını ve tasarrufların verimli tarımsal yatırıma dönüştürülmesini kolaylaştıran mekanizmaları içermelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toplam gelir
• Sektörel ayrıştırma
• Tasarruf
• Yatırım
• Tüketim harcamaları
• Tasarruf rasyonelliği matrisi

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

This work supported supported by the TÜBİTAK Research Project (Project No: 121K160), Türkiye.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Etik Kurulu'nun 16/06/2021 tarihli ve E-85699 numaralı izniyle hazırlanmıştır.

The Savings-Rationality Matrix: A Multidimensional Approach to Rural Capital Efficiency: A Case Study of Konya, Türkiye

Öz

This study examines the relationship between rural household savings and rational capital use in Turkish agriculture through a multidimensional and behavior-oriented perspective. Unlike conventional approaches that explain saving behavior mainly through income, expenditure, or asset ownership, the study evaluates savings as a dynamic process shaped by financial capacity, investment motivation, social capital, institutional access, and decision-making rationality. In this context, the study develops and empirically tests the “Savings-Rationality Matrix Model” to explain not only whether agricultural households save, but also why they save, how they allocate their savings, and to what extent these savings are transformed into productive capital. The empirical analysis is based on primary survey data collected from 268 agricultural enterprises in Konya Province, Türkiye. Income use was classified into consumption, savings, and investment categories, and the relationship between these categories was examined according to enterprise size. The findings show that 56.97% of total income was allocated to consumption, while 43.03% was retained as savings. The average saving amount was USD 8,021.79 per enterprise, whereas the average annual investment expenditure reached USD 57,153.45. This indicates that existing savings can finance only 14.04% of total investment needs, while the remaining 85.96% is covered through borrowing or external financial sources. The results further reveal that larger agricultural enterprises have a greater capacity to convert savings into investment and exhibit higher capital-use efficiency. Methodologically, the study employs a mixed analytical design. K-Means clustering was used to classify rural households according to their saving behavior and capital-use orientation. Three main behavioral groups were identified: investment-oriented savers, livelihood-security-oriented savers, and consumption-based savers. In addition, binary logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the factors affecting the probability of saving. The results indicate that income level, land size, education, cooperative membership, financial literacy, non-agricultural income, and access to credit significantly influence saving behavior. The study contributes to the literature by integrating savings, rationality, and rural capital efficiency within a single analytical framework. Its findings suggest that rural saving behavior is not determined solely by economic capacity, but also by planning ability, financial awareness, institutional participation, and the intended use of accumulated resources. Therefore, policies aimed at improving agricultural capital efficiency should go beyond income support and include financial literacy programs, cooperative-based advisory services, targeted saving instruments, and mechanisms that facilitate the transformation of savings into productive agricultural investment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Total income
• Sectoral decomposition
• Savings
• Investment
• Consumption expenditures
• Saving-rationality matrix

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBİTAK

Proje Numarası

This work supported supported by the TÜBİTAK Research Project (Project No: 121K160), Türkiye.

Etik Beyan

This study was prepared under the permission numbered E-85699, dated 16/06/2021, from the Ethics Committee of Selçuk University Agricultural Faculty.

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