Baklagil Yem Bitkisi Tohumlarında Yağ Asidi Profilleri, Fenolik Madde İçeriği ve Antioksidan Aktivitesinin Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Baklagil yem bitkileri yüksek protein içeriğinin yanında yağ asitleri ve fenolik bileşikler gibi biyoaktif bileşikler bakımından önemli bitki türleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bileşikler, hem bitkilerin fizyolojik süreçlerinde rol oynamakta hem de hayvan ve insan beslenmesi açısından önemli fonksiyonel özellikler göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı baklagil yem bitkisi türlerinin tohumlarında yağ içeriği, yağ asidi kompozisyonu, toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivite özelliklerini belirlemek ve türler arasındaki ilişkileri çok değişkenli analiz yöntemleri ile ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada yonca (Medicago sativa), korunga (Onobrychis sativa), yaygın fiğ (Vicia sativa), Macar fiği (Vicia pannonica), tüylü fiğ (Vicia villosa), koca fiğ (Vicia narbonensis), mürdümük (Lathyrus sativus) ve yem bezelyesi (Pisum sativum) tohumları kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tohum yağ içeriği, toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivite değerleri türlere göre istatistiki olarak önemli farklılık göstermiştir. En yüksek yağ içeriği yoncada, en düşük yağ içeriği ise yaygın fiğde belirlenmiştir. Tüm türlerde başlıca yağ asitlerinin palmitik, stearik, oleik, linoleik ve linolenik asitler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Türler arasında yağ asidi dağılımı açısından belirgin farklılıklar gözlenmiş; linoleik asidin özellikle fiğ türlerinde ve mürdümükte yüksek oranlarda bulunduğu, linolenik ve palmitik asitlerin ise özellikle yonca ve korungada daha yüksek seviyelerde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde içeriği ve antioksidan aktivite bakımından en yüksek değerler yonca ve korungada belirlenmiş ve fenolik madde içeriği ile antioksidan aktivite arasında paralel bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Temel bileşenler analizi ve kümeleme analizi sonuçlarına göre türlerin yağ asidi kompozisyonuna göre iki ana gruba ayrıldığı ve özellikle yonca ile korunganın diğer türlerden belirgin şekilde ayrıldığı belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak baklagil yem bitkilerinin tohumlarının esansiyel yağ asitleri, fenolik bileşikler ve antioksidan aktivite bakımından önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Baklagil yem bitkileri
• Yağ asidi kompozisyonu
• Fenolik madde
• PCA
• Isı haritası

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Comparative Evaluation of Fatty Acid Profiles, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Seeds of Commonly Grown Forage Legumes

Öz

Legume forage crops are among the most important plant species due to their high protein content and bioactive compounds such as fatty acids and phenolic compounds. These compounds play a role in plant physiological processes and exhibit important functional properties in animal and human nutrition. The aim of this study is to determine the oil content, fatty acid composition, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of seeds from different legume forage plant species and to elucidate the relationships among these species using multivariate analysis methods. The study included alfalfa (Medicago sativa), sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), common vetch (Vicia sativa), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis), grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), and forage pea (Pisum sativum). According to the study results, seed oil content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity values showed statistically significant differences among species. The highest oil content was found in alfalfa, while the lowest was in common vetch. In all species, the major fatty acids were identified as palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of fatty acids between species; linoleic acid was found in particularly high proportions in vetch species and sainfoin, whilst linolenic and palmitic acids were found at higher levels in alfalfa and sainfoin. The highest values for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were observed in alfalfa and sainfoin, and a parallel relationship was observed between the two. Based on principal component and cluster analyses, the species were classified into two main groups based on their fatty acid composition, and it was determined that alfalfa and sainfoin were distinctly different from the other species. In general, it was concluded that the seeds of legume forage crops have significant potential in terms of essential fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Legume forage crops
• Fatty acid composition
• Phenolic compounds
• PCA
• Heat map

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Kaynakça

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