Determination of Antibacterial Effect of Different Plant Essential Oils Against Erwinia amylovora

Öz

Fire Blight caused by Erwinia amylovora is a disease of plants belonging to Rosaceae family of 39 different genera and 128

species. Integrated disease management is preferred by combining different methods in the disease control. Nowadays, studies

on alternative methods to control of the disease were intensified. One of these methods is using of essential oils obtained from

medical and aromatic plants. In this study, antibacterial activity of 16 different plant essential oil was investigated against to

Erwinia amylovora in vitro conditions. Seven essential oils (Allium sativum, Cinnamomi ceylanici, Cymbopogon citratus,

Lavandula officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Syzygium aromaticum and Thymus vulgaris) inhibited successfully the growth of

Erwinia amylovora in vitro conditions. The higher antibacterial efficacy was produced by the six plant essential oil except

Cymbopogon citratus, compared to streptomycin. Essential oils from Allium sativum, Cinnamomi ceylanici and Mentha

arvensis were obtained in 16.44, 15.11 and 12.94 mm inhibition zones, respectively and these essential oils had the highest

antibacterial effects. These effective essential oils was found as promising in this disease control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Essential oil,Erwinia amylovora,Allium sativum,Cinnamomi ceylanici,Mentha arvensis

Farklı Bitki Uçucu Yağların Erwinia amylovora’ya Karşı Antibakteriyel Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Erwinia amylovora’nın neden olduğu ateş yanıklığı hastalığı Rosaceae familyasına ait 39 farklı cins ve 128 türe ait bitkide

hastalık oluşturmaktadır. Bu hastalıkla mücadelede farklı yöntemler kombine halde kullanılarak entegre hastalık yönetimi

tercih edilir. Son yıllarda hastalığın mücadelesinde alternatif yöntemlerin araştırılması üzerine çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu

yöntemlerden birisi de tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerden elde edilen uçucu yağlardır. Bu çalışmada, 16 farklı bitki uçucu yağın,

Erwinia amylovora’ya karşı antibakteriyel etkisi in vitro koşullarda araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, yedi farklı bitkinin (Allium

sativum, Cinnamomi ceylanici, Cymbopogon citratus, Lavandula officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Syzygium aromaticum ve Thymus

vulgaris) uçucu yağı Erwinia amylovora’nın in vitro koşullarda gelişimini engellemede başarılı olmuştur. Cymbopogon citratus

uçucu yağı hariç diğer altı bitkinin uçucu yağı streptomisin antibiyotiğinden kuvvetli antibakteriyel etkiye sahip olmuştur.

Allium sativum, Cinnamomi ceylanici ve Mentha arvensis uçucu yağlarında sırasıyla 16.44, 15.11 ve 12.94 mm inhibisyon

zonu elde edilmiş ve bu uçucu yağlar güçlü antibakteriyel etkilerle dikkat çekici bulunmuştur. Etkili bulunan bu uçucu yağlar,

hastalığın mücadelesinde umut verici olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uçucu yağ,Erwinia amylovora,Allium sativum,Cinnamomi ceylanici,Mentha arvensis

Kaynakça

1. Aktepe, B.P. 2018. Erwinia amylovora’nın Biyolojik Mücadelesinde Epifitik Bakteri ve Mayaların Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Adana, 109s.
2. Bajpai, V. K., Kang, S. R., Xu, H., Lee, S. G., Baek, K. H. and Kang, S. C. 2011. Potential roles of essential oils on controlling plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas species: a review. The Plant Pathology Journal, 27 (3): 207-224.
3. Basak, S. S. and Candan, F. 2013. Effect of Laurus nobilis L. essential oil and its main components on α-glucosidase and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12 (2):367–379.
4. Basım, H., Yegen, O. and Zeller, W. 2000. Antibacterial effect of essential oil of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata on some plant pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Plant Disease and Protection, 279 (3): 279-284.
5. Basım, E. and Basım, H. 2004. Note: evaluation of antibacterial activity of essential oil of Rosa damascena on Erwinia amylovora. Phytoparasitica 32:409–12.
6. Baydar, H., and Kazaz, S. 2013. Yağ Gülü & Isparta Gülcülüğü. Gülbirlik Yayınları, (1).
7. Beer, S. V. and Opgenorth, D.C. 1976. Erwinia amylovora on fire blight canker surfaces and blossoms in relation to disease occurrence. Phytopathology, 66: 317-322.
8. El-Astal Z. 2004. Bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 20 (4): 365-370.

9. Evrenosoğlu, Y., and Mertoğlu, K. 2018. Evaluation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) hybrid combinations for the transmission of fire blight resistance and fruit characteristics. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 54 (2):78-85
10. Evrenosoğlu, Y., Misirli, A., Saygili, H., Bilen, E., Boztepe, Ö., and Acarsoy, N. 2011. Evaluation of susceptibility of different pear hybrid populations to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 39 (1): 226-236.
11. Farkas, A., Mihalik, E., Dorgai L. and Buban, T. 2012. Floral traits affecting fire blight infection and management. Trees, 26:47-66.
12. Förster, H., McGhee, G. C., Sundin, G. W. and Adaskaveg, J. E. 2015. Characterization of streptomycin resistance in isolates of Erwinia amylovora in California. Phytopathology, 105 (10):1302-1310.
13. Gaaliche, B., Chehimi, S., Dardouri, S. and Hajlaoui, M. R. 2017. Health status of the pear tree following the establishment of fire blight in Northern Tunisia. International Journal of Fruit Science, 1-14.
14. Gwinn, K. D. 2018. Bioactive natural products in plant disease control. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 56: 229-246.
15. Iacobellis, N., Lo Cantore, P., Capasso, F. and Senatore, F. 2005. Antibacterial activity of Cuminum cyminum L. and Carum carvi L. essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53 (1): 57-61.
16. Isman, B.M. 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated World. Annual Review of Entomology, 51 (1):45-66.
17. Johnson, K.B. and Stockwell, V.O. 1998. Management of fire blight: a case study in microbial ecology. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 36: 227-48.
18. Karami-Osboo, R., Khodaverdi, M. and Ali-Akbari, F. 2010. Antibacterial effect of effective compounds of Satureja hortensis and Thymus vulgaris essential oils against Erwinia amylovora. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 12 (1): 35–45.
19. Kokoskova, B. and Pavela, R. 2007. Effectiveness of plant essential oils on the growth of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease. Pest Technology, 1 (1): 76-80.
20. Kokoskova, B. Pavela, R. and Pouvova, D. 2011. Effectiveness of plant essential oils against Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and associated saprophytic bacteria on/in host plants. Journal of Plant Pathology, 93 (1): 133-139.
21. Lelliot, A.R. and Stead, D.E. 1987. Methods For The Diagnosis of bacterial Diseases of Plants. Black Well Scientific Publications. Oxford, UK. 216p.
22. Mangamma, P., and Sreeramulu, A. 1991. Garlic extract inhibitory to growth of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Indian Phytopathology, 44 (3): 372-374.
23. Martinez-Velazquez, M., Rosario-Cruz, R., Castillo-Herrera, G., Flores-Fernandez, J. M., Alvarez, A. H. and Lugo-Cervantes, E. 2011. Acaricidal effect of essential oils from Lippia graveolens (Lamiales: Verbenaceae), Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), and Allium sativum (Liliales: Liliaceae) Against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 48 (4): 822–827.
24. Mertoğlu, K. and Evrenosoglu, Y. 2017. Phenological and fruit characteristics of the F1 hybrid pear population tested against the disease in breeding for fire blight resistance. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty 14 (3): 104-115.
25. Mirik, M. and Aysan, Y. 2005. Effect of some plant extracts as seed treatments on bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 34 (1-2-3).
26. Momol, T. and Yegen, O., 1993. Fire blight in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 338: 37-40.
27. Park, I., Park, J., Kim, K., Choi, K., Choi, I., Kim, C. and Shin, S. 2005. Nematicidal activity of plant essential oils and components from garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) oils against the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Nematology, 7 (5): 767–774.
28. Salem, M. Z. M., Ali, H. M. and Basalah, M. O. 2014. Essential oils from wood, bark, and needles of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. from Alexandria, Egypt: Antibacterial and antioxidant activities. BioResources, 9 (4): 7454–7466.
29. Savoia, D. 2012. Plant-derived antimicrobial compounds: alternatives to antibiotics. Future microbiology, 7 (8): 979-990.
30. Scortichini, M., and Rossi, M. P. 1989. In vitro activity of some essential oils toward Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et-al. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 24 (3-4): 423-431.
31. Scortichini, M and Rossi, M.P. 1991. In vitro susceptibility of Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. to geraniol and citronelloli. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 71 (2): 113-118.
32. Thomson, S. V. 1986. The role of the stigma in fire blight infections. Phytopathology 76:476-482.
33. Umarusman, M.A. 2018. Farklı Bitki Ekstraktlarının Bezelye Bakteriyel Yaprak Yanıklığına (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) Antibakteriyel Etkilerinin Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adana, 64s.
34. Vanneste, J.L. 2000. Fire Blight The Disease and Its Causative Agent, Erwinia amylovora. CABI Publishing, 370p.
35. Öktem, Y. E. ve Benlioğlu, K. 1988. Yumuşak çekirdekli meyve ağaçlarında görülen ateş yanıklığı hastalığı (Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et.al.) üzerine çalışmalar. V. Türkiye Fitopatoloji Kongresi (18-21 Ekim 1988) Bildiri Özetleri, TÜBİTAK Yayınları No: 643, TOAG Seri No: 128:71.