Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizer Treatments on Yield and Quality Traits of Industrial Tomato

Öz

Increasing plant production by protecting the environment is one of the main goals of today's agriculture. On the other hand, the use of both inorganic and organic fertilizers is becoming increasingly extensive. This study was carried out in field conditions to determine the effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on yield and quality characteristics of industrial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Heinz 1015 F1). For this purpose, contents of fruit total soluble solid contents, total dry matter, titratable acidity, lycopene, total carotenoids, and vitamin C contents and yield (marketable yield and paste yield) were determined. Experiments were conducted in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. There were seven experimental treatments as of control (without fertilizer), chemical fertilizer, organic farmyard manure, sheep manure, poultry manure, vermicompost and leonardite. According to the research results, the highest marketable and tomato paste yield were obtained from chemical fertilizer, followed by organic fertilizers and the lowest values were obtained from the control. As compared to chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers influenced fruit quality attributes more positively. The highest lycopene, total carotenoid and vitamin C contents were obtained from organic fertilizers, especially from poultry manure. Fruit soluble solids and dry matter contents, important processing traits assumed by tomato industry, were obtained from poultry manure treatments. Fruits from leonardite-treated plants had considerably higher titratable acidity levels. Except for total dry matter and titratable acidity, lowest values of quality parameters considered important in industrial tomatoes were obtained from unfertilized (control) plots. Present findings revealed that chemical fertilizers were essential for high and economic yield levels in tomato farming, but organic fertilizers should also be supplemented to improve tomato fruit quality attributes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yield
• quality
• organic fertilizers
• chemical fertilizers
• tomato

Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizer Treatments on Yield and Quality Traits of Industrial Tomato

Öz

Çevreyi koruyarak bitkisel üretimi artırmak günümüz tarımının ana hedeflerinden birisidir. Diğer yandan, inorganik ve organik gübrelerin kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışma organik ve inorganik gübrelemenin domatesin (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Heinz 1015 F1) verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla tarla koşullarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla domates meyvesinde toplam suda çözülebilir kuru madde, toplam kuru madde, titre edilebilir asitlik, likopen, toplam karotenoid ve C vitamin içerikleri ile verim (pazarlanabilir meyve ve salça verimi) belirlenmiştir. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine uygun olarak, 3 tekrarlamalı olarak planlanmış ve domates bitkilerine kontrol (gübre uygulanmayan), kimyasal gübre, organik çiftlik gübresi, koyun gübresi, tavuk gübresi, solucan gübresi ve leonardit olmak üzere yedi farklı gübre uygulaması yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, domateste en yüksek pazarlanabilir meyve verimi ve salça verimi kimyasal gübrelemeden elde edilirken, bunu organik gübreler izlemiş ve en düşük verim değerleri kontrol uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Organik gübrelerin kullanımı, meyve kalite özelliklerini kimyasal gübrelere göre daha olumlu etkilemiştir. En yüksek meyve likopen, toplam karotenoid ve C vitamin içerikleri organik gübrelerden, özellikle tavuk gübresinden elde edilmiştir. Domates işleme endüstrisi için önemli sayılan meyvede suda çözünebilir katılar ve kuru madde içerikleri bakımından en yüksek değerler tavuk gübresinde bulunmuştur. Leonardit uygulanmış domateslerde titre edilebilir asitlik önemli derecede yüksektir. Diğer taraftan sanayi domateslerinde kalite özellikleri (toplam kuru madde ve titre edilebilir asitlik hariç) en düşük meyveler, gübre uygulanmayan domates bitkilerinden elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları verimli ve ekonomik domates yetiştiriciliği için kimyasal gübrelerin gerekli olduğunu, aynı zamanda domates meyve kalitesini arttırmak için de organik gübrelerin kullanılması gerektiğini göstermiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• verim
• kalite
• organik gübreler
• kimyasal gübreler
• domates

Kaynakça

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