Stomatal Behaviors and Physiological Responses Affected by Iron Deficiency in Peach Plants Grafted onto Garnem and GF 677

Öz

Demir (Fe), solunum, fotosentez ve bitkilerin birçok metabolizmasında rol alan çok önemli bir besindir. Fe eksikliğinden kaynaklanan kloroz genellikle yüksek pH'lı ortamlarda ortaya çıkar ve şeftali dahil birçok meyve ağacının demir eksikliğine duyarlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Fe eksikliği, yaprak klorofil ve karotenoid içeriğini azaltır, bitki büyümesini baskılar ve fotosentetik kapasiteyi düşürür. Demir eksikliği bitkilerde tepkilere neden olur ve stomaya ait farklı davranışlar ve fizyolojik tepkiler Fe eksikliği olan bitkilerin artan demir alım kapasitesini sürdürmek için meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada Garnem ve GF 677 anaçlarına aşılı Rich May şeftali çeşidinde demir eksikliğinin stoma morfolojisi ve yaprak fizyolojik tepkileri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bitkiler, 3 ay süreyle mineral eksikliği olan koşullara maruz bırakılmıştır. Denemenin sonunda birçok yaprak ve stoma özelliği değerlendirilmiştir. Fe noksanlığında bitki büyümesinde (sürgün çapı ve uzunluğunun nispi büyüme oranlarında) en yüksek azalış Garnem üzerine aşılı şeftalilerde görülüp, bununla birlikte yine Garnem anacına aşılı şeftalilerde SPAD ve nispi antosiyanin % 52 ve % 70 oranlarında azalmıştır. GF 677 anacı üzerine aşılı olan şeftalilerde ise SPAD ve nispi antosiyanin değerlerinde daha düşük kayba sahip olmuştur. Garnem anacına aşılı çeşitlerde yaprak oransal su içeriği (YOSİ) ve membran geçirgenliği Fe eksikliği ile artarken; GF 677'de YOSİ % 1,8 azalmış ve membran geçirgenliği % 10 artmıştır. Fe şeftali bitkisinde stoma davranışlarını kontrol etmiştir. Hassas anaç olan Garnem'de stoma faktörleri Fe eksikliğine daha duyarlı bulunmuştur. Stoma ve gözenek alanlarındaki artış, stoma iletkenliğinde artışa neden olmuştur. Fe eksikliği zararı, SPAD ve antosiyaninde daha yüksek kayıplardan ve artan membran geçirgenliğinden dolayı Garnem'de daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu yüzden GF 677, şeftali bahçelerinde Fe noksanlığı koşullarında kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Demir Eksikliği
• Şeftali
• Prunus
• Anaç
• Stoma

Stomatal Behaviors and Physiological Responses Affected by Iron Deficiency in Peach Plants Grafted onto Garnem and GF 677

Öz

Iron (Fe) is a pivotal nutrient taking roles in respiration, photosynthesis and many plant metabolisms. Chlorosis caused by Fe deficiency generally occurs in high pH environments and many fruit trees including peach are known sensitive to iron starvation. Fe starvation declines leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, supresses plant growth and declines photosynthetic capacity. Iron deficiency induces responses in plants and different stomatal behaviors and physiological alterations occur to sustain the increased iron uptake capacity of Fe-deficient plants. In this study, the effects of iron deficiency on stomatal morphology and leaf physiological responses in peach variety Rich May grafted onto Garnem and GF 677 rootstocks were investigated. Plants were exposed to Fe deficient conditions for 3 months. End of the experiment, many leaf and stomatal properties were evaluated. The highest decrease in plant growth (relative growth rates of shoot diameter and length) induced by Fe deficiency was found in Rich May grafted onto Garnem. SPAD and relative anthocyanin decreased by 52 and 70% in Fe deficient Rich May/Garnem grafting combination. Decreases in SPAD and relative anthocyanin values were lower with GF 677. In GF 677, LRWC decreased by 1.8% and membrane permeability increased by 10%. Fe controlled stomatal behaviors in peach plants. Stomatal factors were found more sensitive to Fe deficiency in sensitive rootstock, Garnem. The increment in stomatal and pore areas leaded increase in stomatal conductance. The damage by Fe depletion was found higher in Garnem due to higher loss in SPAD, anthocyanin and increasing membrane permeability. Thus, GF 677 can be used in peach orchards under Fe deficiency conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• iron deficiency
• peach
• prunus
• rootstock
• stomata

Kaynakça

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