The Effect of Building Orientation on Utilization of Solar Energy in Dairy Cattle Barns

Öz

Türkiye'de ve Dünya'da enerji talebi sürekli artmaktadır. Gezegenimizde enerji ihtiyacını karşılamak için kullanılan fosil yakıt kaynaklarının hızla tükenmesinin yanı sıra ortam sıcaklıkları yükselmekte, buzullar erimekte ve doğal afetler meydana gelmektedir. Ayrıca toprak, su ve hava kirliliğinin olumsuz etkilerinden dolayı insanlar, hayvanlar ve bitkiler büyük ölçüde zarar görmektedir. Güneş enerjisi, tükenmeyen, temiz ve kolay erişilebilen bir enerjidir. Ülkemiz sahip olduğu güneş enerjisi potansiyeli bakımından birçok ülkeye göre şanslı durumdadır ve söz konusu potansiyelin değerlendirilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının önem kazanmasıyla birlikte güneş enerjisini doğrudan elektrik enerjisine dönüştürebilen, çevreyi kirletmeyen ve uygulanması kolay olan fotovoltaik (PV) paneller her geçen gün daha da yaygınlaşmaktadır. Fotovoltaik panellerin eğim açısı ve konumu elektrik enerji üretimini doğrudan etkileyen parametrelerdir. Her alanda olduğu gibi tarımsal üretim faaliyetlerinde de elektrik enerjisi yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle hayvansal üretim sistemlerinde, yüksek mekanizasyon ve otomasyon kullanımı nedeniyle elektrik enerjisi maliyeti, işletmeler için önemli bir girdi olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Bursa ilinde 50 baş kapasiteli süt sığırcılığı ahırında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı yönlerde çatıya gelen güneş ışığının nasıl değiştiğini ortaya koymak amacıyla barınak 4 farklı (Kuzey-Güney, Doğu-Batı, Kuzeydoğu-Güneybatı, Kuzeybatı-Güneydoğu) yönde konumlandırılarak her bir yön için üretilen elektrik enerjisi belirlenmiştir. Çatılara yerleştirilecek panellerin ürettiği elektrik enerjisi PVSOL yazılımı kullanılarak belirlendi. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Kuzey-Güney (K), Doğu-Batı (E), Kuzeydoğu-Güneybatı (KD) ve Kuzeybatı-Güneydoğu (KB) yönelimli panellerden üretilen elektrik enerjisi miktarı sırasıyla 179.453,0 kWh, 159.655,0 kWh, 175.950,0 kWh ve 138.245,0 kWh olarak belirlenmiştir. 50 baş kapasiteli ahırın yıllık elektrik enerjisi ihtiyacı 25.200,0 kWh olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu durumda K, D, KD ve KB yönlerinden üretilen enerjinin ahırın ihtiyacını 5 ila 7 kat karşıladığı hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Süt Sığırı
• Yönlendirme
• Fotovoltaik Panel
• PVSOL
• Güneş Enerjisi

The Effect of Building Orientation on Utilization of Solar Energy in Dairy Cattle Barns

Öz

In Turkey and the World, energy demand is continuously increased. In addition to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources used to supply the energy needs, ambient temperatures is risen, glaciers are melt and natural disasters are occured in our planet. In addition, people, animals and plants are greatly damaged due to the adverse effects of soil, water and air pollution. Solar energy is renewable, clean and easily accessible energy. Our country is more advantageous in terms of solar energy potential in comparison to many other countries and benefitting from this potential is very important. With the increasing importance of renewable energy sources, photovoltaic (PV) panels, which are able to convert solar energy directly into electrical energy, are not polluting the environment and easy to implement, are become more common. The inclination angle and position of the photovoltaic panels are the parameters that directly affect the production of electrical energy. Electrical energy is extensively used in agricultural production activities, as in every field. Especially, in animal production systems, the cost of electrical energy is an important input due to the high mechanization and the use of automation. This study was carried out in the dairy cattle barn with a capacity of 50 head in Bursa province. It was aimed to determine the amount of electrical energy produced by photovoltaic (PV) panels, located on the barn roof in four different directions (North-South, East-West, Northeast-Southwest, Northwest-Southeast), and also to find out whether produced energy is sufficient or not to meet the energy requirement of the barn. The electrical energy produced by the panels to be placed on the roofs was determined by using PVSOL software. According to the results, the amount of electrical energy produced from the panels with North-South (N), East-West (E), Northeast-Southwest (NE) and Northwest-Southeast (NW) orientation was determined as 179.453,0 kWh, 159.655,0 kWh, 175.950,0 kWh and 138.245,0 kWh, respectively. The annual electrical energy requirement of the barn with 50 head capacity was calculated as 25.200,0 kWh. In this case, it was calculated that the energy produced from the N, E, NE and NW orientations met the requirements of the barn by 5 to 7 times.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dairy Cattle
• Orientation
• Photovoltaic Panel
• PVSOL
• Solar Energy

Kaynakça

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