Yield and Water Use of Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) Under Different Irrigation Regimes and Fertilizers

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üç farklı gübre ve dört farklı düzeydeki sulama suyu miktarlarının patlıcan bitkisinin verimine, kalitesine ve su-verim ilişkisine etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma, Bandırma koşullarında 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında patlıcan bitkisinin yetişme sezonu boyunca yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada; 3 farklı gübre ve 4 farklı sulama düzeyi kullanılmıştır. Gübre konuları, kimyasal gübre CHF; N, P, K (20-20-20+15 SO3) 40 kg da-1 olarak eklendi, organik gübre (OF) 2000 kg da-1 olarak eklendi ve gelişmiş organik gübre (DOF) 2000 kg da-1 olarak eklenmiştir. Dört farklı sulama konusu ise A Sınıfı Buharlaşma Kabı’ndan oluşan buharlaşmanın % 100 (I100, kontrol), %80 (I80), %60 (I60) ve %40 (I40)'nın verilmesi şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Sulama suyu miktarı 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 122 - 305 mm ile ve 147 - 360 mm ve bitki su tüketimi araştırma 2017 ve 2018 yılları için sırasıyla 264 - 447 mm ve 217 - 436 mm arasında değişmeştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre patlıcanın verim değerleri üzerine sulama suyu konusunun etkisi istatiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Gübre uygulaması ve sulama konusu x gübre interaksiyonu etkisinin önemsiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada en yüksek meyve verimi, 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 3681 kg da-1 ve 4515 kg da-1 ile I100 sulama konusundan, en düşük meyve verimi ise sırasıyla 3021 kg da-1 ve 2792 kg da-1 ile I40 sulama konusunda elde edilmiştir. Gübre uygulamalarında her sulama konusu için en yüksek verim 3462 ve 3878 kg da-1 DOF uygulamasında ve en düşük verim ise 3258 ve 3629 kg da-1 OF gübre uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Deneme yıllarında su kullanım randamanı (WUE) 8.26 ile 12.54 kg mm-1, sulama suyu kullanım randamanı (IWUE) ise 11.9 ile 25.68 kg mm-1 arasında değişmiştir. Bu nedenle sulama programlamasında Kcp3: 0.80 bitki katsayısı ve DOF gübre uygulamasında yetiştirilen patlıcan için önerebiliriz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Damla sulama
• Kimyasal gübre
• Organik gübre
• patlıcan
• Su-verim ilişkisi

Yield and Water Use of Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) Under Different Irrigation Regimes and Fertilizers

Öz

This study was conducted ın Bandırma (Balıkesir, Turkey) during the growing season of the plant in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effect of four levels of irrigation water and three kinds of fertilizer on yield and water use of field-grown eggplant (solanum melongena). Treatments included four irrigation regimes, which were 100% (I100, control), 80% (I80), 60% (I60), and 40% (I40) of evaporation from Class A Pan and three different fertilizers, which were chemical fertilizer CHF; N, P, K (20-20-20+15 SO3) added as 40 kg da-1 organic fertilizer (OF) added as 2000 kg da-1 and developed organic fertilizer (DOF) added as 2000 kg da-1. Total irrigation water of 305 mm and 360 mm were applied to I100 irrigation treatment, in which water use was determined as 447 mm and 436 mm, respectively. In both experiment years, the effect of irrigation level on fruit yield was found to be significant statistically (p<0.05) but the effect of fertilizers treatments and irrigation x fertilizer interaction was insignificant (p>0.05). The highest yield with 3681and 4515 kg da-1 was harvested from I100 irrigation treatment, and the lowest yield with 3021 and 2792 kg da-1 from I40 irrigation treatment, respectively. As for fertilizer, the highest yield with 3462 and 3878 kg da-1 was harvested from DOF, while the lowest yield with 3258 and 3629 kg da-1 from OF, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE) ranged from 8.26 to 12.54 kg mm-1 and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) from 11.9 to 25.68 kg mm-1 in the experimental years. Thus, in irrigation programming, the Kcp3: 0.80 plant-pan coefficient and in fertilizer application, DOF is recommended for field-grown eggplant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chemical Fertilizer
• Drip Irrigation
• Eggplant
• Organic fertilizer
• Water-yield relationship

Kaynakça

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