Comparison of Bulb Yield, Some Bioactive Compound, and Elemental Profile of Taşköprü Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Grown in Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions

Öz

Taşköprü garlic, which is among the Geographical Indications of Turkey, is one of the important sources of income for the people in the Kastamonu region. It (Allium sativum L.) has become an indispensable food in the kitchen with taste, a high peculiar pungent smell, a specific colour, flavon enhancing molecules. Also, it has been used for medicinal purposes due to having antioxidant capacity, sulphur compounds, and minerals. Moreover, it can preserve its superior properties for a long time due to its high dry matter compared to other garlic genotypes. This study was conducted to reveal the yield, storage duration, and nutritional elements of Taşköprü garlic bulbs grown in an open field (OF-TD; OF-KUC) and greenhouse conditions (GH-TD; GH-KUC) as well as to determine how some bioactive components including pigment, secondary metabolites, nitrogenous compound, simple reduced sugar, pyruvic acid, lipid peroxidation (MDA-malondialdehyde) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), vary according to the growing environment in both cloves and fresh leaves. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the effects of habitat on all the parameters investigated (p<0.001). For instance, while nitrogenous compounds are high in OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, OF-TD and GH-TD showed enrichment in pigment, pyruvate, glucose and secondary metabolites in the fresh leaves. In the cloves, while pigments and secondary metabolites content were found to be higher in OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, the content of nitrogenous compounds, pyruvate and carbon were higher in OF-TD and GH-TD samples. In terms of nutrients, the GH-KUC cloves were rich in K and P, while OF-TD samples were rich in N, Mg, S, and Si, and OF-KUC samples were the richest group in Ca, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se. In terms of bulb yield and storage properties, the highest values were noted with OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, and the lowest values of them were recorded with GH-TD samples. As a result, considering the first two highest values of the parameters analyzed in garlic samples, the OF-KUC and the OF-TD samples had the maximum values, but the GH-TD samples showed the lowest value. It can be concluded that by cultivating garlic in greenhouses, fresh green leaves with high nutritional value can be provided to the consumer at all seasons and products with high nutritional value, as well as products with a storage process / long shelf life can be obtained as in plants obtained from open areas.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biochemical
• Garlic
• Greenhouse
• Field
• Mineral

Comparison of Bulb Yield, Some Bioactive Compound and Elemental Profile of Taşköprü Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Grown in Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions

Öz

Türkiye'nin Coğrafi İşaretleri arasında yer alan Taşköprü sarımsağı, Kastamonu yöresi halkının önemli gelir kaynaklarından biridir. Kendine has tadı, kendine has keskin keskin kokusu, kendine özgü rengi, flavon arttırıcı molekülleri ile (Allium sativum L.) mutfakların vazgeçilmezi haline gelmiştir. Ayrıca antioksidan kapasitesi, kükürt bileşikleri ve mineraller içermesi nedeniyle tıbbi amaçlar için de kullanılmıştır. Üstelik sayılan üstün vasıflarını, yüksek kuru madde içeriği diğer sarımsak genotiplerine göre uzun süre koruyabilir. Bu çalışma, tarlada (OF-TD; OF-KUC) ve sera koşullarında (GH-TD; GH-KUC) yetiştirilen Taşköprü sarımsağında baş verimi, depolanma süresi, besin elementlerinin değişimini belirlemek ve ayrıca taze yapraklarda ve dişlerde pigmentler, sekonder metabolitler, azotlu bileşikler, indirgen şeker, piruvik asit, lipit peroksidasyonu (malondialdehit) ve H2O2 (hidrojen peroksit) gibi bazı biyoaktif kimyasal bileşiklerin yetişme ortamına göre nasıl değiştiğini ortaya koymak için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar yetişme ortamlarının incelenen tüm parametreler üzerinde önemli etki yaptığını göstermiştir (p<0.001). Örneğin, azotlu bileşikler OF-KUC ve GH-KUC örneklerinin taze yapraklarında, pigment, pürivik asit, glikoz ve sekonder metabolitler ise OF-TD ve GH-TD örneklerinin taze yapraklarında zengindir. Sarımsak dişlerinde ise OF-KUC ve GH-KUC örneklerinde pigment ve sekonder metabolit içerikleri daha fazla iken OF-TD ve GH-TD örneklerinde azotlu bileşikler, pürivik asit ve toplam karbon miktarı yüksektir. Mineraller açısından GH-KUC örnekleri K ve P, OF-TD örnekleri N, Mg, S ve Si ve OF-KUC örnekleri ise Ca, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu ve Se miktarınca zengindir. Sarımsak örneklerinde baş verimi ve depolama özellikleri açısından OF-KUC ve GH-KUC örnekleri en yüksek değere sahip iken, GH-TD örnekleri ise en düşük değere sahip bulunmuştur. Tüm değerler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda OF-KUC ve GH-KUC örneklerinin incelenen parametreler açısından daha zengin olduğu, GH-TD örneklerinin ise fakir olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca Taşköprü sarımsağının seralarda sarımsak yetiştirilerek tarlada olduğu kadar besin değeri yüksek yeşil sarımsağın tüketiciye her mevsim sağlanabileceği ve depola süresi/raf ömrü uzun ürünlerin de elde edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyokimyasal
• Mineral
• Sarımsak
• Sera
• Tarla

Kaynakça

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