Creating a Solar Radiation Measuring System (SRMS) Operated by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

Öz

In this study, it is aimed to create a PLC controlled SRMS to be used in rural areas. Firstly a SRMS hardware was prepared consisting of power supply, PLC, analogue module and pyranometer units. Then, a SRMS software was written using CODESYS programming language to measure and record data and to control the hardware by PLC. SRMS software firstly collected the solar radiation in cumulatively by measuring every 30 minutes during the one-day period, and determined the daily total solar radiation. Then it calculated the daily average solar radiation by dividing the daily total solar radiation by the number of measurements. It recorded the daily total and average solar radiation amounts on the SD card. SRMS was tested in Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University (KSU) during the July-November period of the 2019. The daily average solar radiation data recorded at KSU were compared with the data measured in the same period at the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Area Agricultural Research Institute (DAGTEM), located 10 km away. The daily average solar radiation data measured in KSU and DAGTEM varied between 3.63-33.48 MJ m-2 day-1 and 3.00-33.00 MJ m-2 day-1, respectively. Five-month averages of daily solar radiation data measured at both regions were determined 20.20 MJ m-2 day-1 and 19.64 MJ m-2 day-1, respectively. The difference between the mean of KSU and DAGTEM data groups was not found to be statistically significant (p> 0.05). This result revealed that the daily average solar radiation values measured in both regions can be used interchangeably. As an expression of the deviation between data groups measured in both regions, the MAPE and RMSE were determined as 14.57% and 2.68 MJ m-2 day-1. The compatibility level of the data groups was obtained as “good” (MAPE= 10-20%). It was concluded that SRMS could measure the daily average solar radiation with high accuracy and could be used in sensitive measurements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Automation
• Climate station
• Codesys
• Evapotranspiration
• PLC
• Pyranometer
• Solar radiation

Creating a Solar Radiation Measuring System (SRMS) Operated by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kırsal alanlarda kullanılabilecek PLC kontrollü bir SRMS oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. İlk olarak güç kaynağı, PLC, analog modül ve piranometre birimlerinden oluşan bir SRMS donanımı hazırlanmıştır. Daha sonra verileri ölçmek, kaydetmek ve donanımı PLC ile kontrol etmek amacıyla CODESYS programlama dili kullanılarak bir SRMS yazılımı yazılmıştır. SRMS yazılımı, ilk olarak bir günlük süre boyunca her 30 dakikada bir ölçüm yaparak solar radyasyonu kümülatif olarak toplamış ve günlük toplam solar radyasyonu belirlemiştir. Daha sonra günlük toplam solar radyasyonu ölçüm sayısına bölerek, günlük ortalama solar radyasyonu hesaplamıştır. Günlük toplam ve ortalama solar radyasyon miktarlarını SD karta kaydetmiştir. SRMS, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi’nde (KSÜ) 2019 yılı Temmuz-Kasım dönemi boyunca test edilmiştir. KSÜ’de kaydedilen günlük ortalama solar radyasyon verileri 10 km uzaklıkta bulunan Doğu Akdeniz Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsünde (DAGTEM) aynı dönemde ölçülen günlük veriler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. KSÜ ve DAGTEM’de ölçülen günlük ortalama solar radyasyon verileri sırasıyla 3.63-33.48 MJ m-2 gün-1 ve 3,00-33,00 MJ m-2 gün-1 arasında değişmiştir. Her iki bölgede ölçülen günlük ortalama solar radyasyon verilerinin beş aylık ortalamaları sırasıyla 20.20 MJ m-2 gün-1 ve 19.64 MJ m-2 gün-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. KSU ve DAGTEM veri gruplarının ortalamaları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır (p> 0.05). Bu sonuç her iki bölgede ölçülen günlük ortalama solar radyasyon değerlerinin birbirlerinin yerine kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Her iki bölgede ölçülen veri grupları arasındaki sapmanın bir ifadesi olarak MAPE ve RMSE sırasıyla %14.57 ve 2.68 MJ m-2 gün-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Veri gruplarının uyumluluk düzeyi “iyi” olarak elde edilmiştir (MAPE=% 10-20). SRMS’nin günlük ortalama solar radyasyonu yüksek doğrulukla ölçebileceği ve hassas ölçümlerde kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• PLC
• İklim istasyonu
• Codesys
• Evapotranspirasyon
• Piranometre
• Solar radyasyon
• Otomasyon

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