The Effects of Marginal Land Conditions and Planting Time on the Yield And Quality of Mentha × piperita

Öz

In this research, the effects of 2 different planting times (autumn and spring) on the yield and quality of peppermint (Mentha × piperita L. var. Mitcham) were investigated under marginal land conditions. The test was conducted in Çukurova region located in the Eastern Mediterranean by using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Based on the results, the highest plant height (43 cm), fresh herb yield (12763 kg ha-1), dry herb yield (3407 kg ha-1), dry leaf yield (1976 kg ha-1) and essential oil yield (56.3 Lt ha-1) was determined in spring planting. The maximum ratio of essential oil was found in the first cuttings (3.18%). The yield values were higher in the first cuttings on year basis. With increasing the number of cuttings, a gradual decrease was observed in yield components. As a result of the gas chromatography analysis, oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the major chemical component group of M. × piperita essential oil (74.21-80.86%). The highest oxygenated monoterpenes were specified in the 1st cuttings of both planting seasons. Menthol (23.2-37.46 %) and menthone (22.82-31.56 %) were identified as the major components. Menthol percentage was higher in spring planting, and this rate has decreased every year compared to the previous one. As the number of cuttings increased, menthone rate also enhanced. On the other hand, as the rates of menthone increased, there was a decrease in menthol rates. α-Pinene (2.33-5.61%), limonene (0.63-4.13%), 1,8-cineole (5.22-9.98%), menthofuran (1.47-4.72%), isomenthone (1.14-5.95%), menthyl acetate (2.14-5.2%) and neomenthol (1.09-2.5%) were determined as other important components. Although the agronomic yield obtained from marginal land conditions was relatively lower, it was found superior in terms of quality and has adapted to standards values. As a result, the cultivation of the M. × piperita is economically viable in marginal lands without irrigation problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Essential oil
• Fall
• Marginal land
• Menthol
• Peppermint
• Spring

Marjinal Arazi Koşulları ve Ekim Zamanının Mentha × piperita’nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri

Öz

Marjinal arazi koşullarında yürütülen bu çalışmada 2 farklı ekim zamanının (sonbahar ve ilkbahar) Tıbbi Nane (Mentha × piperita L. var. Mitcham)’nin verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneme Doğu Akdeniz’in Çukurova Bölgesinde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre en yüksek bitki boyu (43 cm), taze herba verimi (12763 kg ha-1), kuru herba verimi (3407 kg ha-1), kuru yaprak verimi (1976 kg ha-1) ve uçucu yağ verimi (56.3 Lt ha-1) ilkbahar ekimlerinde saptanmştır. En yüksek uçucu yağ oranı 1. biçimlerde saptanarak, ekim zamanı açısından önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır. Deneme genelinde en yüksek uçucu yağ oranı % 4.0 olarak saptanmıştır. Yıl bazında ilk biçimlere ait verim değerleri daha yüksek bulunarak, denemenin son hasadına doğru verimde düşüş izlenmiştir. Gaz kromatografisi analizi sonuçlarına göre, oksijenli monoterpenler, M. × piperita uçucu yağının (% 74.21-80.86) major kimyasal bileşen grubunu oluşturmuştur. En yüksek oksijenli monoterpenler, her iki ekim sezonunda da 1. biçimlerde saptanmıştır. Menthol (% 23.2-37.46) ve menthone (% 22.82-31.56) major bileşenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Menthol oranı sonbahar plantasyonunda daha yüksek bulunmakla birlikte, bu oran her yıl bir öncekine göre düşüş göstermiştir. Biçimler ilerledikçe menthone oranı da yükselmiştir. Menthone arttıkça, menthol’da düşüş gerçekleşmiştir. α-Pinene (% 2.33-5.61), limonene (% 0.63-4.13), 1,8-cineole (% 5.22-9.98), menthofuran (% 1.47-4.72), isomenthone (% 1.14-5.95), menthyl acetate (% 2.14-5.2) ve neomenthol (% 1.09-2.5) diğer önemli bileşenleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Marjinal arazi şartlarında yetişen M. × piperita’ya ait tarımsal verim nispeten düşük olsa da kalite bakımından üstün bulunarak, standartlara uyumlu olmuştur. M. × piperita kültürü su sorunu olmayan marjinal arazilerde ekonomik açıdan uygundur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Marjinal arazi
• Menthol
• Sonbahar
• Tıbbi nane
• Uçucu yağ
• İlkbahar

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