Vitis labrusca L. Genotiplerinin Fenolik Bileşik ve Antioksidan Kapasite İçerikleri

Öz

Phenolic compounds have been one of the most intensively studied topics in recent times, especially when health and healthy diet have come to the fore. There are proven health benefits of phenolic compounds found in the skin, seed, leaf and stem of grapes. While there are many studies on the phenolic content of Vitis vinifera L. species that positively contribute to human health, research on Vitis labrusca L. genotypes is far too few. In this study, total phenolic compound, antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanin levels were determined on the skin, seed, stem and leaves of the sixteen red Vitis labrusca L genotypes. In addition, the contents of the catechin, epicatechin and the trans-resveratrol, which are known to contribute to human health, were determined. According to the results of the research, the total phenolic compound content of the analyzed tissue was determined in the ranges of 115.650-5.650 mg GAE kg-1DW, antioxidant capacity 709-45 µmol trolox g-1 DW, total anthocyanin 32.788-2.037 mg kg-1, catechin 13.131-0 mg-1 DW, epicatechin 5.080-0 mg-1 DW and trans-resveratrol 98-0 mg kg-1 DW. The highest total phenolic compound content was determined in the stem of cluster of Steuben variety, the highest antioxidant capacity in the seed of Champbell Early genotype and the highest total anthocyanin in the skin of Vailant variety. The level of trans-resveratrol, which is known for its beneficial effects, is also measured at the highest in the leaves of Steuben variety as 98 mg kg-1 DW. The Vitis labrusca species is the only species that is resistant to the humid climate of the Black Sea region, however these genotypes are not preferred for table consumption. It is believed that the skin, seed, stem and leaves of Vitis labrusca can be used as new natural antioxidant sources and thus provide significant economic benefits.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vitis labrusca
• Grape
• Phenolic compound
• Resveratrol
• Antioxidant

Vitis labrusca L. Genotiplerinin Fenolik Bileşik ve Antioksidan Kapasite İçerikleri

Öz

Fenolik bileşikler özellikle sağlığın ve sağlıklı beslenmenin ön plana çıktığı son zamanlarda, üzerinde en yoğun çalışılan konulardan birisi olmuştur. Üzümlerin kabuk, çekirdek, yaprak ve salkım iskeletlerinde bulunan fenolik bileşiklerin sağlık üzerine kanıtlanmış yararları mevcuttur. Vitis vinifera L. türüne ait çeşitlerde insan sağlığına pozitif katkıları olan fenolik içerikler ile ilgili çok sayıda araştırma mevcut olmasına rağmen, Vitis labrusca L. genotipleri ile ilgili araştırmalar yok denecek kadar az sayıdadır. Bu sebeple araştırmada Türkiye’nin Karadeniz bölgesinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan on altı adet kırmızı Vitis labrusca L. genotipinin kabuk, çekirdek, salkım iskeleti ve yapraklarında toplam fenolik bileşik, antioksidan kapasite ve toplam antosiyanin düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca insan sağlığına olan yararları bilinmekte olan kateşin, epikateşin ve trans-resveratrol içerikleri de tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre analiz edilen örneklerde toplam fenolik bileşik içeriği 115.650-5.650 mg GAE kg-1 KA, antioksidan kapasite düzeyi 709-45 µmol troloks g-1 KA, toplam antosiyanin miktarı 32.788-2.037 mg kg-1, kateşin, epikateşin ve trans-resveratrol düzeyleri ise sırasıyla 13.131-0 mg kg-1 KA, 5.080-0 mg kg-1 KA, 98-0 mg kg-1 KA aralıklarında belirlenmiştir. En yüksek toplam fenolik bileşik içeriği Steuben çeşidinin salkım iskeletinde, en yüksek antioksidan kapasite Champbell Early çeşidinin çekirdeğinde ve en yüksek toplam antosiyanin içeriği Vailant çeşidinin kabuğunda saptanmıştır. İnsan sağlığına olan faydaları ile tanınan trans-resveratrol düzeyi ise en yüksek miktarda 98 mg kg-1 KA olarak yine Steuben çeşidinin yapraklarında ölçülmüştür. Vitis labrusca türü Karadeniz bölgesinin nemli iklimine dayanıklı tek türdür ancak bölgede yetiştiriciliği yapılan bu genotipler sofralık tüketimde tercih edilmemektedirler. Araştırma sonuçlarında yüksek fenolik bileşik içeriklerine sahip oldukları ortaya konmuş olan Vitis labrusca kabuk, çekirdek, salkım iskeleti ve yapraklarının yeni doğal antioksidan kaynakları olarak kullanılabileceği ve bu sayede önemli ekonomik faydaların sağlanabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vitis labrusca
• Üzüm
• Fenolik bileşik
• Resveratrol
• Antioksidan

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