Effects of Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Leaf Area, Chlorophyll and Nutritional Content at Different Growth Stages of Soybean

Öz

Plants need all plant nutrition elements to be available and adequate level in soil for optimum growth and yield production. The uptake of macro and micro nutrients by plants is limited or they can not be beneficial for plants in calcareous soils with high pH such as being in Mediterranean Region. In such situations, management strategies such as foliar spray can be useful to benefit of plants from them particularly under soil-limed condition with restricted micronutrients uptake. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar-applied zinc and iron on chlorophyll content, leaf area index (LAI) and chemical composition of soybean (Glycine max L.) at different growth stages. Field experiments were conducted over during the second crop seasons of the years 2018 and 2019 under the conditions of Hatay Province. The experiment was designed as split-split plot design with three replications. Varieties (Arısoy, Bravo, Nazlıcan) were placed in main plots, growth stages (V3, R1, R3) in sub-plots and foliar fertilizers (control, zinc, iron, zinc + iron) in sub-sub-plots. Foliar application of iron and zinc increased chlorophyll content and LAI values at different stages of growth in contrast to control (untreated) groups. The highest SPAD value (36.03) was obtained from Nazlıcan x R3 x Zn + Fe treatment and the highest LAI (7.57) was obtained from Bravo x V3 x Fe treatment. Generally, the higher results of SPAD value were observed in reproductive stages while the higher results of LAI were observed in vegetative stages. Leaf zinc and iron accumulations were higher in reproductive stages. As a result of this study, it was observed that micro nutrients needed by soybean plant can be supplied with foliar applications in calcareous soils.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chlorophyll contents
• LAI
• Iron
• Zinc
• Glycine max L.
• Foliar fertilizer

Soyanın Farklı Gelişim Dönemlerinde Uygulanan Yaprak Gübresinin Yaprak Alanı, Klorofil ve Besin İçeriklerine Etkisi

Öz

Optimum büyümenin sağlanması ve yüksek verim için bitkiler, bitki besin elementlerinin toprakta alınabilir formda ve yeterince var olmasına gereksinim duymaktadır. Ancak, Akdeniz Bölgesi gibi kireç içeriği ve pH’sı yüksek topraklarda bulunan makro ve mikro besin elementlerinin bitkiler tarafından alımı kısıtlı olmakta, bazı durumlarda ise bitki tarafından kullanılamamaktadır. Bu gibi topraklarda gerekli besin elementinin, özellikle mikro bitki besin elementlerinin yaprak gübresi şeklinde verilmesi bitkinin daha hızlı ve etkili şekilde faydalanmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, soya bitkisinin (Glycine max L.) farklı gelişim dönemlerinde (V3, R1, R3) yaprak gübresi şeklinde verilen çinko ve demir besin elementlerinin klorofil içeriği (SPAD), yaprak alan indeksi (LAI) ve soya bitkisinin kimyasal kompozisyonuna etkisi incelenmiştir. Deneme, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında ikinci ürün olarak Amik Ovası (Hatay) koşullarında bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç yinelemeli olarak yürütülmüştür. Ana parsellere çeşitler (Arısoy, Bravo, Nazlıcan), alt parsellere gelişim dönemleri (V3, R1, R3) ve alt alt parsellere gübre uygulamaları (Kontrol, Çinko, Demir, Çinko + Demir) yerleştirilmiştir. Soya bitkisine farklı gelişim dönemlerinde uygulanan demir ve çinko yaprak gübreleri, kontrol grubuna göre SPAD ve LAI değerlerini artırmıştır. En yüksek klorofil içeriği (SPAD değeri) Nazlıcan x R3 x Zn + Fe (36.03) uygulamasından alınırken, en yüksek yaprak alan indeksi değeri ise Bravo x V3 x Fe (7.57) uygulamasından alınmıştır. Klorofil içeriği tespitinde (SPAD değerleri) generatif dönem ölçümlerinde yüksek sonuç alınırken, yaprak alan indeksi ölçümlerinde ise vejetatif dönem daha iyi sonuç vermiştir. Yaprak besin elementi içerikleri yönünden incelendiğinde ise generatif dönemde yapılan uygulamalar neticesinde çinko ve demir birikimleri daha fazla olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, kireçli topraklarda soya bitkisinin ihtiyacı olan mikro besin elementlerinin yaprak gübrelemesi ile karşılanabileceği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Klorofil içeriği
• LAI
• Demir
• Çinko
• Glycine max L
• Yaprak gübresi

Kaynakça

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