Enhancement of Androgenesis and Plant Regeneration From Wheat Anther Culture by Seed Pre-Sowing Gamma Irradiation

Öz

Bitki ıslahında kombinasyon ıslahı ve mutasyon ıslahı yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Bu iki teknikde elde edilen populasyonlardan homozigot hatların kısa sürede elde edilmesini olanak sağlayacak biyoteknoloik yöntemler üzerine yoğun çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Buğdayda mutasyon ıslahı üzerine farklı araştırıcılar tarafından çok sayıda çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Buğdayda mutagen uygulanmış genotiplerde anter kültürü yanıtı üzerine ise az sayıda çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Yüksek kaliteli buğday ıslahında iyonlaştırıcı radyasyon yoluyla mutasyon ıslahının anter kültürü ile etkin bir şekilde birleştirilebilme olanaklarının araştırıldığı çalışmada, iki farklı ekmeklik buğday ileri hattı materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Kontrol dahil sekiz farklı gamma ışını dozu (0, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 Gy) uygulanmış 2 farklı ileri ekmeklik buğday mutant hattının anter kültürüne yanıtları araştırılmıştır. İncelenen tüm özellikler için genotipler ve ışınlama dozları arasında önemli farklılıklar vardır. Bu çalışma, ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerine bağlı olarak doza bağlı gama ışınlaması ile albinizmin azaldığı ve anter kültürü yanıtın artırılabileceğinin mümkün olabileceğini göstermiştir. Dozlar arasındaki farkı sınıflandırmak için yapılan çoklu karşılaştırma testinde; istatistiki olarak 50 gray doz 5.60 adet aktarılan yeşil bitki sayısı ile ilk sırada yer almış, bunu yine aynı sınıfta 5.21 adet aktarılan bitki sayısı ile 300 gray doz uygulaması ikinci sırada izlemiştir. 150 ve 200 Gy gama ışını dozlarının, kontrole kıyasla ekmeklik buğdayda anter kültürünün incelenen tüm parametrelerinde ve nihai olarak başarı indeksi üzerinde önemli bir stimülasyon etkisi olduğu gösterülmüştür. Kontroller hariç toplam rejenere yeşil bitki sayısından (888), 635 adet (%71.5) ve 205 adet (%23.1) sırasıyla haploidler ve spontan double haploid bitkiler elde edilmiştir. Ekmeklik buğday ıslah programına entegre edilen çalışmada toplam 205 spontan double haploid mutant hattı üretilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anter kültürü
• Double haploid
• Embriyo benzeri yapı
• Gamma ışını
• Bitkicikler
• Buğday

Enhancement of Androgenesis and Plant Regeneration From Wheat Anther Culture by Seed Pre-Sowing Gamma Irradiation

Öz

Combination breeding and mutation breeding are widely used methods in plant breeding. Intensive studies are carried out on biotechnological methods that will allow obtaining homozygous lines in a short time in populations obtained with these two techniques. Numerous studies have been carried out by different researchers on mutation breeding in wheat. There are few studies on anther culture response in mutagen-treated genotypes. Two different bread wheat promising advanced lines were used as the material in the study, in which the possibilities of combining mutation breeding with anther culture through ionizing radiation in high quality wheat breeding were investigated. In the study, the responses of advanced bread wheat mutant lines to anther culture, to which eight different doses of gamma rays (0, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 Gy) were applied, including the control, were investigated. There are significant differences between genotypes and irradiation doses for all traits studied. It has been shown that it is possible to decrease albinism and increase the response of anther culture with dose-dependent gamma irradiation depending on bread wheat varieties. In the multiple comparison test to classify the difference between doses; statistically, 150 gray dose 5.60 is in the first statistical class and in the first place with the number of transferred green plants. After that, it ranks second in the same class with the number of green plants transferred with a 300 gray dose of 5.21. In the total number of regenerated green plants excluding controls (888), 635 unit (71.5%) and 205 unit (23.1%) haploids and spontaneous double haploid plants were obtained, respectively. In the study integrated into the bread wheat breeding program, a total of 205 spontaneous double haploid mutant lines were produced. According to the data obtained, it was shown that the gamma ray doses of 150 and 200 Gy had a significant stimulation effect on all parameters studied and ultimately the success index of anther culture in bread wheat compared to control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anther culture
• Doubled haploid
• Embryo-like structure
• Gamma ray
• Plantlets
• Wheat

Kaynakça

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