Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)'nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 528 - 541, 26.09.2023

Elif Ferahoğlu , Tuncay Çalışkan , Saliha Kırıcı

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1114621

Cited By: 1

Öz

Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya ejderi) bitkisi birçok ülkede geleneksel tıpta mide rahatlatıcı, sindirim kolaylaştırıcı, yatıştırıcı olarak kullanımının yanı sıra kalp hastalıkları, damar tıkanıklıkları, tansiyon, migren, baş ve diş ağrısı tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Ülkemiz florasında Dracocephalum cinsine ait birçok tür bulunurken, D. moldavica türü doğal olarak yetişmemektedir. Bitkinin Türkiye‘de yetiştiriciliği üzerine çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bitki dikim sıklığı ve hasat zamanı bitki verim ve kalitesi üzerine önemli etkileri olan yetiştirme etmenlerindendir. Bu sebeplerle Dracocephalum moldavica (Moldovya ejderi) bitkisinde verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine dikim sıklıklarının (40×25 cm ve 60×25 cm) ve hasat zamanlarının (çiçeklenme öncesi ve tam çiçeklenme) etkilerini araştırmak hedeflenmiştir. 2017 yılında yürütülen araştırma sonuçlarına göre dikim sıklığının etkisi dal sayısı, taze ve drog herba, drog yaprak verimi üzerinde, hasat zamanının etkisi; bitki boyu, taze herba, drog herba, drog yaprak verimi, uçucu yağ oranı üzerinde istatistiki olarak önemli; interaksiyonun etkisi ise incelenen özellikler üzerinde önemli bulunmamıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; bitki boyu değerleri: 57.91-63.08 cm, dal sayısı 8-12 adet/bitki, taze herba verimi 537.26-791.54 kg da-1, drog yaprak verimi 65.36-122.23 kg da-1, drog herba verimi 124.05-194.41 kg da-1, uçucu yağ oranı % 0.276-0.375 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hasat zamanı bakımından incelen bütün özellikler tam çiçeklenme döneminde artış göstermiştir. Bitki boyu, taze herba, drog yaprak ve herba verimi en yüksek değerleri 40x25 dikim sıklığında elde edilmiştir. Uçucu yağ ana bileşenlerini geranil asetat (%53.635-54.723), gerenial (%16.229-17.396), neral (%11.729-12.661), geraniol (%5.780-6.623) toplamda %88.203-88.955 oranlarında oluşturmaktadır. Geranil asetat oranın yüksekliği bitkinin Çukurova koşullarında doğal bir geranil asetat kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Elde ettiğimiz veriler doğrultusunda Moldovya ejderi için en uygun hasat zamanı tam çiçeklenme dönemi, en uygun bitki dikim sıklığı ise 40×25 cm olarak tavsiye edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Drococephalum moldivica L., Moldovya ejderi, Dikim sıklığı, Hasat zamanı, Uçucu yağ

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

The Effects of Different Planting Densitiy and Harvesting Time on the Yield and Quality of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldavian dragonhead)

Öz

Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovian dragon) is used in traditional medicine in many countries as a stomach relaxant, digestive facilitator, sedative, as well as in the treatment of heart diseases, vascular occlusion, blood pressure, migraine, headache and toothache. While many species belong to the genus Dracocephalum in the flora of our country, the species D. moldavica does not grow naturally. There are no studies on the cultivation of the plant in Turkey. Planting frequency and harvesting time are cultivation factors that have important effects on plant yield and quality. For these reasons, it was aimed to investigate the effects of planting densities (40×25 cm and 60×25 cm) and harvest times (pre-flowering and full flowering) on yield and quality characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica (Moldovan dragon). According to the results of the research conducted in 2017, the effect of planting frequency on the number of branches, fresh and culinary herb, culinary leaf yield, the effect of harvest time on plant height, fresh herb, culinary herb, culinary herb, culinary leaf yield, and essential oil ratio was found to be statistically significant; the effect of the interaction was not found to be significant on the studied traits. As a result of the research; plant height values: 57.91-63.08 cm, number of branches 8-12 pieces/plant, fresh herb yield 537.26-791.54 kg da-1, dry leaf yield 65.36-122.23 kg da-1, dry herb yield 124.05-194.41 kg da-1, essential oil content 0.276-0.375%. All traits analyzed in terms of harvest time increased during the full flowering period. The highest values of plant height, fresh herb, culm leaf and herb yield were obtained at 40x25 planting density. The main components of essential oil were geranyl acetate (53.635-54.723%), gerenial (16.229-17.396%), neral (11.729-12.661%), geraniol (5.780-6.623%) with a total of 88.203-88.955%. The high rate of geranyl acetate suggests that the plant can be used as a natural source of geranyl acetate in Çukurova conditions. In line with the data we obtained, the most suitable harvest time for Moldovan dragon is recommended as full flowering period and the most suitable planting density is recommended as 40×25 cm.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Drococephalum moldivica L., Moldavian droganhead, Planting density, Harvest time, Essential oil

Kaynakça

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