Tarım Alanlarının Bitki Besleme Kapasitelerinin Toprak Analizleri ile Belirlenmesi: Tekirdağ İli Süleymanpaşa İlçesi Örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 531 - 543, 26.05.2025

Fatih Büyükfiliz , Aylin Erkoçak , Bekir Açıkbaş , Korkmaz Bellitürk

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1577728

Öz

Toprak, tarımsal üretimin en önemli bileşenlerinden biridir. Bu nedenle gıda güvenliği, beslenme hedefleri ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele için sağlıklı topraklara giderek daha fazla ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Toprak sağlığı, hem ekosistem dengesi hem de insan yaşamı için kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Toprak, sadece bitkilerin büyümesini desteklemekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda suyun depolanmasından karbon tutmaya kadar birçok önemli işlevi yerine getirmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra toprak sağlığı sadece tarım ve gıda üretimi için değil genel çevre sağlığı, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma için de kritik bir faktördür. Bu çalışmada, Tekirdağ ili Süleymanpaşa ilçesinde bulunan ve buğday-ayçiçeği ekim nöbetiyle yoğun tarımsal faaliyetlere maruz kalan tarlalardan alınan toplam 60 adet toprak örneğinin analiz sonuçları değerlendirilerek sürdürülebilir verimlilik kapasitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Alınan örneklerin ortalama pH, toplam tuz, organik madde ve kireç içerikleri sırasıyla 7.28, % 0.40, % 1.29 ve % 3.62 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toprakların büyük bir çoğunluğunun (47 adet) “tın” tekstür sınıfında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toprak örneklerinin toplam N içerikleri en düşük % 0.02 ve en yüksek % 0.15 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toprak örneklerinin ortalama P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu içeriklerinin sırasıyla 14.94, 211.68, 5393.15, 408.86, 13.60, 12.71, 0.88 ve 1.05 mg kg-1 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Alınan örneklerdeki ortalama organik madde ve toplam N içerikleri değerlendirildiğinde düşük organik madde ve toplam N içeriklerine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Toprak örneklerine ait ortalama değerler dikkate alındığında Ca ve Fe bakımından “yüksek”; Mn bakımından "düşük"; P, K, Mg, Zn ve Cu bakımından “yeterli” düzeyde oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmaların en büyük faydası, doğru gübre kullanımının ekonomi ve çevre açısından da olumlu faydalarının bulunmasıdır. Özellikle bu çalışmadan da anlaşılan düşük organik madde içeren toprakların gübreleme programlarına mutlaka organik gübrelerin de dahil edilmesi gerçeğidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toprak analizi,, Buğday,, Ayçiçeği,, Organik gübre,, Toprak verimliliği

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Determination of Plant Nutrition Capacities of Agricultural Areas by Soil Analysis: Example of Süleymanpaşa District of Tekirdağ Province

Öz

Soil is one of the most important components of agricultural production. Therefore, healthy soils are increasingly needed for food security, nutrition goals and combating climate change. Soil health is critical to both ecosystem balance and human life. Soil not only supports plant growth, it also performs many important functions, from storing water to sequestering carbon. In addition, soil health is a critical factor not only for agriculture and food production but also for general environmental health, combating climate change and sustainable development. In this study, it was aimed to determine the sustainable productivity capacities by evaluating the analysis results of 60 soil samples taken from the fields in Süleymanpaşa district of Tekirdağ province, which were exposed to intense agricultural activities with wheat-sunflower rotation. The average pH, total salt, organic matter and lime contents of the samples taken were determined as 7.28, % 0.40, % 1.29 and % 3.62 respectively. It was determined that the majority of the soils (47 units) were in the "loam" texture class. The total N contents of the soil samples were determined as the lowest % 0.02 and the highest % 0.15. The average P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents of the soil samples were determined as 14.94, 211.68, 5393.15, 408.86, 13.60, 12.71, 0.88 and 1.05 mg kg-1 respectively. When the average organic matter and total N contents in the samples were evaluated, it was determined that they had low levels of organic matter and total N contents. Considering the average values of the soil samples, it was determined that they were "high" in terms of Ca and Fe; "low" in terms of Mn and "sufficient" in terms of P, K, Mg, Zn and Cu. The biggest benefit of these studies is that, the correct use of fertilizer also has positive benefits in terms of economy and the environment. For this reason, organic fertilizers must be included in the fertilization programmes of soils with low organic matter.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil analysis,, Wheat, Sunflower,, Organik fertilizer,, Soil productivity

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Kaynakça

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