Araştırma Makalesi
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Tarımsal Ürün İhracatının Projeksiyonları ve Kırsal Kalkınma Üzerindeki Etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 574 - 588, 26.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1619704

Öz

Gıda güvenliği ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma, günümüzde kritik konular arasında yer almaktadır. Bu zorlukların ele alınması gıda güvenliğini ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı sağlayacak sektörlere odaklanmayı gerektirmektedir. Bu bağlamda tarım sektörü, üretkenliğin artırılması ve ihracata yönelik stratejileri teşvik edilmesiyle hem kırsal kalkınmanın hem de ekonomik büyümenin sağlanmasında lokomotif görevi görmektedir. Bu çalışma, ihracata dayalı kalkınma stratejisi benimseyen bir ülke olarak Türkiye’nin tarımsal ürün gruplarına yönelik dış ticaret durumunu incelemektedir. Araştırma, BM Comtrade veri tabanından elde edilen 2000-2023 yıllarına ait tarım ürünleri ihracat ve ithalat verilerini analiz etmektedir. Veriler Gümrük Tarife Cetveli 2. Bölüm 06-14. Fasıllar arasında yer alan 9 ürün grubundan oluşmaktadır. Mann-Kendall ve Sen Trend testi gibi istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde dış ticaret trenleri ve gelecekteki eğilimleri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, ihracatın genel olarak artış eğiliminde olduğunu göstermiştir. Canlı ağaçlar ve diğer bitkiler, sebzeler, meyveler, değirmencilik ürünleri, yağlı tohumlar ve örülmeye elverişli bitkiler ürün gruplarında ihracat fazlası oluşması beklenmektedir. Bununla birlikte ithalatın ihracatı aştığı; çay, kahve ve baharatlar, hububat ile sakız, reçine hülasalar ürün gruplarında cari açık oluşacağı beklenmektedir. En yüksek ihracat fazlasının oluştuğu ürün grubu meyveler olurken, en yüksek cari açık oranı da tahıllarda gözlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Türkiye’nin tarımsal ihracat performansının artırılması, kırsal kalkınma ve ekonomik büyüme açısından stratejik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu sebeple, tarım sektöründe sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın sağlanabilmesi için ithal bağımlılığın azaltılması ve yerli üretimin teşvik edilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, tarımsal ürün ihracatında rekabet avantajı bulunan ürün gruplarının desteklenmesi ve bu ürünlerin pazar payının artırılması önerilmektedir. Modern tarım tekniklerinin benimsenmesi, çiftçilerin eğitimi ve kırsal altyapının geliştirilmesi de sektörün sürdürülebilir büyümesine ve bu sayede kırsal kalkınmaya katkı sağlayacaktır. Yapısal dönüşüm politikaları ve tarım sektöründeki iyileştirmeler, kırsal kalkınmayı teşvik ederek yerel ekonomilerin güçlenmesine ve ulusal ekonomik istikrarın sağlanmasına önemli katkılarda bulunacaktır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, T. (2023). Agricultural Production Connectedness and Networks in Turkey. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 20(4): 799-810. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1166050 .
  • Akkaya, Ş. (1990). Econometrics I. Anadolu Printing House, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Amao, O., Antwi, M., Oduniyi, O., Oni, T. and Rubhara, T. (2021). Performance of agricultural export products on economic growth in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 11(1): 47–52. https://doi.org/10.18488/j.
  • Anonymous (1963). T.C Prime Ministry State Planning Organization. The first five -year development plan 1693-1967: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Development_Plani_Birinci_Five_Yillik_1963-1967.pdf (Accessed Date: 08.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2021a). International Fund for Agricultural Development, Rural Development Report. https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/43704363/rdr2021.pdf/d3c85b6a-229a-c6f1-75e2-a67bb8b505b2?t=1633507142608 (Accessed Date: 15.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2021b). T.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Sustainable Food Systems Country Report. Ankara. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/ABDGM/Belgeler/Uluslararas%C4%B1%20Kurulu%C5%9Flar/Su%CC%88rdu%CC%88ru%CC%88lebilir%20G%C4%B1da%20Sistemleri%20U%CC%88lke%20Raporu%20-%20T%C3%BCrkiye%202021.pdf (Accessed Date: 10.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2022a). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Twenty years of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems: Success stories of dynamic conservation for sustainable rural development. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc2385en. (Accessed Date: 15.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2022b). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Rural areas are places of opportunity. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/rural-development.html (Accessed Date: 15.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2024a). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Regional, rural and urban development. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/regional-rural-and-urban-development.html (Accessed Date: 24.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2024b). World Bank Group, Agriculture and Rural Development. https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/knowledge-for-change/brief/agriculture-and-rural-development (Accessed Date: 24.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2024c). Turkiye Statistical Institute (TUIK), Foreign Trade Statistics, November 2024. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dis-Ticaret-Istatistikleri-Kasim-2024-53537&dil=1 (Accessed Date: 31.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2024d.). United Nations, UN Comtrade Plus. Retrieved October 26, 2024, from https://comtradeplus.un.org/ (Accessed Date: 08.12.2024).
  • Bacanlı, Ü. G. and Çukurluoğlu, S. (2018). Trend Analysis of Some Meteorological Data in Antalya. SETSCI Conference Indexing System Vol 2, p. 371- 375, Türkiye.
  • Bai, Y., Xu, Z., Zhang, J., Mao, D., Luo, C., He, Y., Liang, G., Lu, B., Bisesil M. S., Sun, O., Xu X., Yang, W., and Liu, Q. (2014). Regional impact of climate on Japanese encephalitis in areas located near the three gorges dam. PLoS One, 9(1): e84326. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084326
  • Çiftci, F. (2024). Comparison of the effectiveness of data mining methods in forecasting the future of wheat production in Turkey. Wheat Studies, 13(1): 1-11.
  • Dohlman, E., Hansen, J. and Chambers, W. (2025). USDA Agricultural Projections to 2034 (OCE-2025-1). United States Department of Agriculture, Office of the Chief Economist, World Agricultural Outlook Board. https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details?pubid=110965#overview (Accessed Date: 14.03.2025).
  • Elibol, B. (2019). Rural area definition and examination of spatial distribution of rural development projects in Turkey: Case study of IPARD in Ankara (MSc. Thesis). Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2003). Basic Econometrics. McGraw-Hill, North America, U.S.A.
  • Hirsch, R. M., Slack, J. R. and Smith, R. A. (1982). Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data. Water Resources Research, 18(1), 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i001p00107
  • Hu, G. and Lin, Y. (2024). Study on the influence of rural economic development on the export competitiveness of agricultural products. International Journal of Global Economics and Management, 4(1): 326-336. https://doi.org/10.62051/ijgem.v4n1.41.
  • Koç, A., Boyaner, A. Uzunlu, V. (2001). Türkiye tarımsal ürün projeksiyonları 2000-2010 proje raporu 2001-6: Ankara: Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Ekonomi Araştırma Enstitüsü.
  • Nagy, H., Neszmélyi, G., and Abdulkadr, A. (2022). The Role of Agricultural Production and Trade Integration in Sustainable Rural Development: Evidence from Ethiopia. I. R. Association in Research Anthology on Strategies for Achieving Agricultural Sustainability (s. 909-926). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
  • Oakley, P. and Garforth, C. (1985). Guide to extension training. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/4/t0060e/t0060e00.htm (Accessed Date: 14.03.2025)
  • Pamuk, Ş. (2018). 200 Years of Economic History of Turkey 9th Edition. Turkey İş Bank Cultural Publications, Istanbul, Türkiye.
  • Sarı Gedik, D. and Yılmaz, E. (2023). Determination of the factors affecting the level of benefit from young farmer project support in rural development: Tekirdag sample, Turkey. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 20(2): 418-429. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1165409
  • Sen, P. K. (1968). Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's Tau. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 63(324): 1379-1389. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1968.10480934. Serper, Ö. (2004). Applied Statistics 2. Ezgi Bookstore, Bursa, Türkiye.
  • Seyidoğlu, H. (2017). International Economics. Güzem Can Publications, Istanbul, Türkiye.
  • Shepherd, A. (1998). Sustainable Rural Development. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, England.
  • Yıldırım, S., and Kaplan, M. (2022). Seafood Security and Sustainability Through Sustainable Development: A Review of Turkish Seafood Market. I. R. Association in Research Anthology on Strategies for Achieving Agricultural Sustainability (s. 951-970). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5352-0.ch050
  • Yue, S., Pilon, P., and Cavadias, G., (2002). Power of the Mann–Kendall and Spearman's Rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrological series. Journal of Hydrology, 259(1-4): 254-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00594-7

Projections of Agricultural Product Exports and Their Impacts on Rural Development

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 574 - 588, 26.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1619704

Öz

Food security and sustainable development are among the critical issues of today. Addressing these challenges requires a focus on sectors that can simultaneously ensure food availability and foster sustainable progress. In this context, the agricultural sector serves as a driving force for both rural development and economic growth by enhancing productivity, promoting export-oriented strategies. This study examines Turkey's agricultural products' foreign trade situation, focusing on export-oriented development strategies. The research analyzes agricultural products' import and export data from the years between 2000 to 2023, obtained from the UN Comtrade database. The data consist of nine product groups within Chapters 06-14 of Section 2 of the Customs Tariff Schedule. Using statistical methods, including the Mann-Kendall and Sen's Slope Trend tests, the study investigates foreign trade trends and makes future projections. The results indicate that there is a general upward trend in exports. Export surpluses are expected in product groups such as live trees and other plants, vegetables, fruits, milling products, oilseeds, and vegetable materials for knitting. However, deficits persist in groups such as tea, coffee, spices, cereals, and lacquers, gums, and resins, where imports exceed exports. The most important export product group with the highest surplus is fruit, whereas the highest deficit ratio is observed in cereals. Based on the result of analysis, increasing Turkey's agricultural export performance holds strategic importance for rural development and economic growth. Therefore, reducing import dependency and promoting domestic production are essential for sustainable development in the agricultural sector. Additionally, supporting product groups with competitive advantages in agricultural exports and expanding their market share are recommended. The adoption of modern agricultural techniques, the training of farmers, and the development of rural infrastructure will also contribute to the sustainable growth of the sector and, in turn, support rural development. Structural transformation policies and improvements in the agricultural sector will contribute significantly to strengthening local economies and ensuring national economic stability by encouraging rural development.

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, T. (2023). Agricultural Production Connectedness and Networks in Turkey. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 20(4): 799-810. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1166050 .
  • Akkaya, Ş. (1990). Econometrics I. Anadolu Printing House, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Amao, O., Antwi, M., Oduniyi, O., Oni, T. and Rubhara, T. (2021). Performance of agricultural export products on economic growth in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 11(1): 47–52. https://doi.org/10.18488/j.
  • Anonymous (1963). T.C Prime Ministry State Planning Organization. The first five -year development plan 1693-1967: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Development_Plani_Birinci_Five_Yillik_1963-1967.pdf (Accessed Date: 08.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2021a). International Fund for Agricultural Development, Rural Development Report. https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/43704363/rdr2021.pdf/d3c85b6a-229a-c6f1-75e2-a67bb8b505b2?t=1633507142608 (Accessed Date: 15.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2021b). T.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Sustainable Food Systems Country Report. Ankara. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/ABDGM/Belgeler/Uluslararas%C4%B1%20Kurulu%C5%9Flar/Su%CC%88rdu%CC%88ru%CC%88lebilir%20G%C4%B1da%20Sistemleri%20U%CC%88lke%20Raporu%20-%20T%C3%BCrkiye%202021.pdf (Accessed Date: 10.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2022a). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Twenty years of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems: Success stories of dynamic conservation for sustainable rural development. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc2385en. (Accessed Date: 15.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2022b). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Rural areas are places of opportunity. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/rural-development.html (Accessed Date: 15.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2024a). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Regional, rural and urban development. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/regional-rural-and-urban-development.html (Accessed Date: 24.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2024b). World Bank Group, Agriculture and Rural Development. https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/knowledge-for-change/brief/agriculture-and-rural-development (Accessed Date: 24.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2024c). Turkiye Statistical Institute (TUIK), Foreign Trade Statistics, November 2024. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dis-Ticaret-Istatistikleri-Kasim-2024-53537&dil=1 (Accessed Date: 31.12.2024).
  • Anonymous (2024d.). United Nations, UN Comtrade Plus. Retrieved October 26, 2024, from https://comtradeplus.un.org/ (Accessed Date: 08.12.2024).
  • Bacanlı, Ü. G. and Çukurluoğlu, S. (2018). Trend Analysis of Some Meteorological Data in Antalya. SETSCI Conference Indexing System Vol 2, p. 371- 375, Türkiye.
  • Bai, Y., Xu, Z., Zhang, J., Mao, D., Luo, C., He, Y., Liang, G., Lu, B., Bisesil M. S., Sun, O., Xu X., Yang, W., and Liu, Q. (2014). Regional impact of climate on Japanese encephalitis in areas located near the three gorges dam. PLoS One, 9(1): e84326. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084326
  • Çiftci, F. (2024). Comparison of the effectiveness of data mining methods in forecasting the future of wheat production in Turkey. Wheat Studies, 13(1): 1-11.
  • Dohlman, E., Hansen, J. and Chambers, W. (2025). USDA Agricultural Projections to 2034 (OCE-2025-1). United States Department of Agriculture, Office of the Chief Economist, World Agricultural Outlook Board. https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details?pubid=110965#overview (Accessed Date: 14.03.2025).
  • Elibol, B. (2019). Rural area definition and examination of spatial distribution of rural development projects in Turkey: Case study of IPARD in Ankara (MSc. Thesis). Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2003). Basic Econometrics. McGraw-Hill, North America, U.S.A.
  • Hirsch, R. M., Slack, J. R. and Smith, R. A. (1982). Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data. Water Resources Research, 18(1), 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i001p00107
  • Hu, G. and Lin, Y. (2024). Study on the influence of rural economic development on the export competitiveness of agricultural products. International Journal of Global Economics and Management, 4(1): 326-336. https://doi.org/10.62051/ijgem.v4n1.41.
  • Koç, A., Boyaner, A. Uzunlu, V. (2001). Türkiye tarımsal ürün projeksiyonları 2000-2010 proje raporu 2001-6: Ankara: Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Ekonomi Araştırma Enstitüsü.
  • Nagy, H., Neszmélyi, G., and Abdulkadr, A. (2022). The Role of Agricultural Production and Trade Integration in Sustainable Rural Development: Evidence from Ethiopia. I. R. Association in Research Anthology on Strategies for Achieving Agricultural Sustainability (s. 909-926). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
  • Oakley, P. and Garforth, C. (1985). Guide to extension training. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/4/t0060e/t0060e00.htm (Accessed Date: 14.03.2025)
  • Pamuk, Ş. (2018). 200 Years of Economic History of Turkey 9th Edition. Turkey İş Bank Cultural Publications, Istanbul, Türkiye.
  • Sarı Gedik, D. and Yılmaz, E. (2023). Determination of the factors affecting the level of benefit from young farmer project support in rural development: Tekirdag sample, Turkey. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 20(2): 418-429. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1165409
  • Sen, P. K. (1968). Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's Tau. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 63(324): 1379-1389. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1968.10480934. Serper, Ö. (2004). Applied Statistics 2. Ezgi Bookstore, Bursa, Türkiye.
  • Seyidoğlu, H. (2017). International Economics. Güzem Can Publications, Istanbul, Türkiye.
  • Shepherd, A. (1998). Sustainable Rural Development. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, England.
  • Yıldırım, S., and Kaplan, M. (2022). Seafood Security and Sustainability Through Sustainable Development: A Review of Turkish Seafood Market. I. R. Association in Research Anthology on Strategies for Achieving Agricultural Sustainability (s. 951-970). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5352-0.ch050
  • Yue, S., Pilon, P., and Cavadias, G., (2002). Power of the Mann–Kendall and Spearman's Rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrological series. Journal of Hydrology, 259(1-4): 254-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00594-7
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sürdürülebilir Tarımsal Kalkınma
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökçe Bahar Gürbüzer 0000-0003-4996-4137

Fatma Çiftci 0000-0001-6362-1777

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Mayıs 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 13 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürbüzer, G. B., & Çiftci, F. (2025). Projections of Agricultural Product Exports and Their Impacts on Rural Development. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 574-588. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1619704
AMA Gürbüzer GB, Çiftci F. Projections of Agricultural Product Exports and Their Impacts on Rural Development. JOTAF. Mayıs 2025;22(2):574-588. doi:10.33462/jotaf.1619704
Chicago Gürbüzer, Gökçe Bahar, ve Fatma Çiftci. “Projections of Agricultural Product Exports and Their Impacts on Rural Development”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2025): 574-88. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1619704.
EndNote Gürbüzer GB, Çiftci F (01 Mayıs 2025) Projections of Agricultural Product Exports and Their Impacts on Rural Development. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22 2 574–588.
IEEE G. B. Gürbüzer ve F. Çiftci, “Projections of Agricultural Product Exports and Their Impacts on Rural Development”, JOTAF, c. 22, sy. 2, ss. 574–588, 2025, doi: 10.33462/jotaf.1619704.
ISNAD Gürbüzer, Gökçe Bahar - Çiftci, Fatma. “Projections of Agricultural Product Exports and Their Impacts on Rural Development”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22/2 (Mayıs 2025), 574-588. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1619704.
JAMA Gürbüzer GB, Çiftci F. Projections of Agricultural Product Exports and Their Impacts on Rural Development. JOTAF. 2025;22:574–588.
MLA Gürbüzer, Gökçe Bahar ve Fatma Çiftci. “Projections of Agricultural Product Exports and Their Impacts on Rural Development”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 22, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 574-88, doi:10.33462/jotaf.1619704.
Vancouver Gürbüzer GB, Çiftci F. Projections of Agricultural Product Exports and Their Impacts on Rural Development. JOTAF. 2025;22(2):574-88.