Impact of Ultrasonic Pre-Treatments on Germination and Initial Seedling Growth of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 645 - 657, 29.09.2025

Ramazan Beyaz , Abdullah Beyaz

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1442681

Öz

Although common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is a very important forage legume plant, some varieties have a dormancy problem due to the hardness of the seed coat. So far, studies on breaking this dormancy seen in common vetch seeds have been quite limited. This research was carried out to determine the effects of ultrasonic pre-treatments applied to common vetch seeds under laboratory conditions on germination and initial seedling growth. Ultrasonic pre-treatment (US) was applied to common vetch seeds at a frequency of 47 kH for 0 -control-, 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes, respectively. The experiment was designed according to a completely randomized plot trial design with 4 replications. In the research, germination percentage (GP-%-), mean germination time (MGT-day-), germination rate index (GRI-%-), shoot and root lengths (SL and RL-cm-), root-shoot ratio (R/S -%-), shoot and root fresh weights (SFW and RFW-mg per plant-), shoot and root dry weights (SDW and RDW-mg per plant-), shoot and root dry matter (SDM and RDM-% -), root/shoot dry matter ratio (R/S DM-%-), shoot and root water contents (SWC and RWC-%-) and seedling vigor index (SVI) parameters were measured. As a result of the research, it was determined that ultrasonic pre-treatments had statistically significant (P≤0.05) effects on germination parameters (GP, MGT and GRI). It has been determined that US10 and US40 treatments increase the GP by 11.11%. However, it was determined that US30 treatment shortened the MGT by 15.81% and increased the GRI and SL by 100.00% and 34.65%, respectively. In addition, it was determined that ultrasonic pre-treatments had statistically significant effects on growth parameters (RL, SL, R/S ratio, SFW, RFW, SDW, RDW, SDM, SDM and SVI). Compared to the control group, an increase of 42.95%, 51.35%, 17.75% and 21.00% in the RL, R/S ratio, SFW and RFW parameter values, respectively, was obtained from the US10 treatment. Additionally, US40 treatment caused an increase in RDW, SDM, RDM values by 51.51%, 33.83% and 33.87%, respectively. The highest increase in SVI was recorded in the US30 treatment with 30.56%. In conclusion, the data of this study showed that ultrasonic technology has a positive effect on breaking dormancy in common vetch seeds and thus on the initial seedling growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Common vetch , Ultrasonic treatment , Dormancy , Seed germination , Initial seedling growth

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Ultrasonik Ön Uygulamaların Adi Fiğin (Vicia sativa L.) Çimlenme ve İlk Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Adi fiğ (Vicia sativa L.), çok önemli bir baklagil yem bitkisi olmakla birlikte tohum kabuğunda karşılaşılan sertlik nedeniyle dormansi problemi görülmektedir. Şimdiye kadar, adi fiğ tohumlarında görülen bu dormansinin kırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu araştırmada, laboratuvar koşulları altında yaygın fiğ tohumlarına uygulanan ultrasonik ön uygulamalarının çimlenme ve bununla birlikte ilk fide gelişimi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Ultrasonik ön uygulaması (UÖU) adi fiğ tohumlarına sırasıyla 0 -kontrol-, 10, 20, 30 ve 40 dakika buyunca 47 kH frekansında uygulanmıştır. Deneme 4 tekerrürlü olarak tamamen tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dizayn edilmiştir. Araştırmada, çimlenme yüzdesi (ÇY-%-), ortalama çimlenme süresi (OÇS-gün-), çimlenme hızı indeksi (ÇHİ-%-), sürgün ve kök uzunlukları (SU ve KU-cm-), kök-sürgün oranı (K/S-%-), sürgün ve kök taze ağırlıkları (STA ve KTA-mg bitki başına-), sürgün ve kök kuru ağırlıkları (SKA ve KKA-mg bitki başına-), sürgün ve kök kuru maddeleri (SKM ve KKM-%-), kök/gövde kuru madde oranı (K/S KM-%-), sürgün ve kök su içerikleri (SSİ ve KSİ-%-) ve fide güç indeksi (FGİ) parametreleri ölçülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, ultrasonik ön uygulamalarının çimlenme parametreleri (ÇY, OÇS ve ÇHİ) üzerine istatistiki açıdan önemli (P≤0.05) etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. UÖU10 ve UÖU40 uygulamalarının ÇY’yi %11.11 oranında artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, UÖU30 uygulaması OÇS’yi %15.81 kısalttığı, ÇHİ’yi ve SU’yu sırasıyla %100,00 ve %34,65 oranlarında artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, ultrasonik ön uygulamalarının büyüme parametreleri (KU, SU, K/S oranı, STA, KTA, SKA, KKA, SKM, KKM ve FGİ) üzerine de istatistiki açıdan önemli etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında, KU, K/S oranı, STA ve KTA parametre değerlerinde sırasıyla %42.95, %51,35, %17,75 ve %21,00 oranlarında bir artış UÖU10 uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. İlave olarak UÖU40 uygulaması KKA, SKM, KKM değerlerinde sırasıyla %51.51, %33.83 ve %33.87 oranlarında artışa neden olmuştur. FGİ’de ise en yüsek artış %30.56 ile UÖU30 uygulamasında kayıt edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu araştırmanın verileri, ultrasonik teknolojisinin adi fiğin tohumlarındaki dormasinin kırılmasında ve bununla birlikte ilk fide gelişimi üzerine olumlu yönde etkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adi fiğ , Ultrasonik uygulama , Dormansi , Tohum çimlenmesi , İlk fide büyümesi

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Kaynakça

• Abd El Sattar, A. M. and Tawfk, E. (2023). Effects of ultrasonic waves on seedling growth, biochemical constituents, genetic stability of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) under salinity stress. Vegetos, 36: 1427-1436.
• Abdul-Baki, A. A. and Anderson, J. D. (1973). Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science, 13: 630-633.
• Aladjadjiyan, A. (2002). Study of the infuence of magnetic feld on some biological characteristics of Zea mays. Journal of Central European Agriculture., 3(2): 89-94.
• Al-Enezi, N. A., Al-Bahrany, A. M. and Al-Khayri, J. M. (2012). Effect of X-irradiation on date palm seed germination and seedling growth. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 24(5): 415-424.
• Alfalahi, A. O., Alobaidy, B. S., Almarie, A. A., Dhanoon, O. M., Qasem, J. R., Almehemdi, A. F. and Najda, A. (2022). Ultrasonic Treatment Enhances Germination and Affects Antioxidant Gene Expression in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr). Agronomy, 12(10): 1-11.
• Alsuvaid, M. and Demir, Y. (2022). The effect of salinity (NaCl) stress and different magnetic applications on the germination of cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L.). Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 19(3): 529-540.
• Altındal, D. and Altındal, N. (2018). Allelopathic effects of olive oil mill wastewater (omw) on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia scop.) germination. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Science, 2(2): 87-92.
• Andriamparany, J. N. and Buerkert, A. (2019). Effect of ultrasonic dormancy breaking on seed germination and seedling growth of three wild yam species (Dioscorea spp.) from SW-Madagascar. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 66:1167-1174.
• Babaei, M., Pirdashti, H. and Bakhshandeh, E. (2023). Ultrasonic waves improve aged seed germination of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) under drought and salt stresses. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 45(90): 1-10.
• Babaei-Ghaghelestany, A., Alebrahim, M. T., MacGregor, D. R., Khatami, S. A. and Hasani Nasab Farzaneh, R. (2020). Evaluation of ultrasound technology to break seed dormancy of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). Food Science & Nutrition, 8: 2662-2669.
• Bai, J., Huang, J., Feng, J., Jiang, P. and Zhu, R. (2023). Combined ultrasound and germination treatment on the fine structure of highland barley starch. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 95: 1-11.
• Bera, K., Dutta, P. and Sadhukhan, S. (2022). Seed priming with non-ionizing physical agents: plant responses and underlying physiological mechanisms. Plant Cell Report, 41: 53-73.
• Beyaz, B., Kaya, G., Cocu, S. and Sancak, C. (2011). Response of seeds and pollen of Onobrychis viciifolia and Onobrychis oxyodonta var. armena to NaCl stress. Scientia Agricola, 68(4): 477-481.
• Bres, W., Kleiber, T., Markiewicz, B., Mieloszyk, E. and Mieloch, M. (2022). The effect of NaCl stress on the response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Agronomy, (12)244: 1-14.
• Büyükkartal, H. N., Çölgeçen, H., Pınar, N. M. and Erdoğan, N. (2013). Seed coat ultrastructure of hard-seeded and soft-seeded varieties of Vicia sativa. Turkish Journal of Botany, 37(2): 270-5.
• Büyükyıldız, S., Yıldırım, M. and Kurt, A. N. (2023). The effect of salt stress on the germination and seedling growth parameters in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 6(2): 126-133.
• Ellis, R. H. and Roberts, E. H. (1980). Towards a Rational Basis for Testing Seed Quality. p. 605-635. In: Seed production Ed(s): Hebblethwaite, P.D., Butterworths, England.
• Ermis, S., Özden, E. and Yıldırım, E. (2024). Seeds of Resilience: Physiology and Mechanisms of Hardseededness. In: Seed Biology-New Advances, Ed(s): Yildirim, E., Özden, E. and Ermiş, S., IntechOpen Publications, United Kingdom.
• Foschi, M. L., Juan, M., Pascual, B. and Pascual-Seva, N. (2023). Effects of high ıntensity ultrasound stimulation on the germination performance of caper seeds. Plants, 12(12): 1-17.
• Goussous, S. J., Samarah, N. S., Alquadah, A. M. and Othman, M. O. (2010). Enhancing seed germination of four crop species using an ultrasonic technique. Experimental Agriculture, 46(2): 231-242.
• Huang, S., Jia, Y., Liu, P., Dong, H. and Tang, X. (2020). Effect of ultrasonic seed treatment on rice seedlings under waterlogging stress. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 80(4): 561-571.
• International Seed Testing Association [ISTA] (2003). International Rules for Seed Testing. Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
• Iwasaki, M., Penfield, S. and Lopez-Molina, L. (2022). Parental and environmental control of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 73: 355-378.
• Kouchebagh, S. B., Rasouli, P., Babaiy, A. H. and Khanlou, A. (2014). Seed germination of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) as affected by physical priming techniques. International Journal of Biosciences, 5: 113–118.
• Lahijanian, S. and Nazari, M. (2017). Increasing germination speed of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds by ultrasound treatments. Seed Technology, 38: 49-55.
• Machikowa, T., Kulrattanarak, T. and Wonprasaid, S. (2013). Effects of ultrasonic treatment on germination of synthetic sunflower seeds. Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (No. 73, p. 53). USA: World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (WASET).
• Maguire, J. D. (1962). Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigour. Crop Science, 2:176-177.
• Memiş, N., Muhie, S. H., Njie, E. S., Şahin, G. and Demir, İ. (2022). Effect of ultrasonic treatment on seed germination and seedling emergence in seven vegetable species. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 37(1): 57-66.
• Namjoo, M., Moradi, M., Dibagar, N., Taghvaei, M. and Niakousari, M. (2022). Effect of green technologies of cold plasma and airborne ultrasound wave on the germination and growth indices of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 45(12): 14166.
• Nazari, M. and Eteghadipour, M. (2017). Impacts of ultrasonic waves on seeds: A mini-review. Agricultural Research & Technology, 6(3): 555-688.
• Nazari, M., Sharififar, A. and Asghari, H. R. (2014). Medicago scutellata seed dormancy breaking by ultrasonic waves. Plant Breeding, 69:15-24.
• Nizam, I., Tenikecier, H. S., Orak, A., Sen, C., Güler, N. and Ersoy H. (2022). A preliminary study on the chemical structure of Vicia sativa L. accessions collected from natural flora of European Part of Turkey. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 19(2): 271-282.
• Nogueira, A., Puga, H., Gerós, H. and Teixeira, A. (2023). Seed germination and seedling development assisted by ultrasound: gaps and future research directions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 104: 583-597.
• Parlak, S. and Erken, K. (2023). Effect of ultrasonic and vacuum treatments on the germinatıon of Himantoglossum robertıanum (loiseleur) p. delforgei (orchidaceae) seeds under in vitro conditions. Pakistan Journal Botany, 55(5): 1729-1738.
• Paulsen, T. R., Colville, L., Kranner, I., Daws, M. I., Hogstedt, G., Vandvik, V. and Thompson K (2013). Physical dormancy in seeds: a game of hide and seek? New Phytologist, 198: 496-503.
• Potolea, I., Pîrvu, O. M., Spınu, C. E., Mıhaı, D. P., Olaru, O. T., Nıţulescu, G. M., Tsatsakıs. A., Spandıdos, D. A. and Nıţulescu, G. (2019). Effect of ultrasound exposure on the Triticum aestivum root elongation test. World Academy of Sciences, 1: 290-295.
• Ramírez-Parra, E. and De la Rosa, L. (2023). Designing novel strategies for improving old legumes: an overview from common vetch. Plants, 12(6): 1-23.
• Ran, H., Yang, L. and Cao, Y. (2015). Ultrasound on Seedling Growth of Wheat under Drought Stress Effects. Agricultural Sciences, 6: 670-675.
• Risca, I. M., Fartais, L. and Stiuca, P. (2007). Ultrasound effects contributions on the Norway spruce seeds germination (Picea abies (L.) Karsten). Genetics and Molecular Biology, 8: 87–88.
• Samarah, N. H. (2005). Effect of drying methods on germination and dormancy of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seed harvested at different maturity stages. Seed Science and Technology, 33(3): 733-740.
• Samarah, N. H., Allataifeh, N., Turk, M. A. and Tawaha, A. M. (2004). Seed germination and dormancy of fresh and air-driedseeds of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) harvested at differentstages of maturity. Seed Science and Technology, 32: 11-19.
• Sharififar, A., Nazari, M. and Asghari, H. R. (2015). Efect of ultrasonic waves on seed germination of Atriplex lentiformis, Cuminum cyminum, and Zygophyllum eurypterum. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2(3):102-104.
• Shekari, F., Mustafavi, S. H. and Abbasi, A. (2015). Sonication of seeds increase germination performance of sesame under low temperature stress. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 105(2): 203-212.
• Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. (1967). Statistical Methods, 6th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
• Tiryaki, I. and Topu, M. (2014). A novel method to overcome coat-imposed seed dormancy in Lupinus albus L. and Trifolium pratense L. Journal of Botany, 2014(1): 1-6.
• Uslu, Ö. S. and Gedik, O. (2020). A research on salinity tolerance of some vetch (Vicia sp.) species. International Journal of Anatolia Agricultural Engineering Sciences, 2(2): 1-10.
• Uzun, A. (2012). Effect of maturity stage and seed treatment on germination, seed dormancy and certain pod and seed traits of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 9(3-4): 189-192.
• Wang, J., Bian, Z., Wang, S. and Zhang, L. (2020). Effects of ultrasonic waves, microwaves, and thermal stress treatment on the germination of Tartary buckwheat seeds. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 43(10): 1-10.
• Yaldagard, M., Mortazavi, S. A. and Tabatabaie, F. (2008). Influence of ultrasonic stimulation on the germination of barley seed and its alpha-amylase activity. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(14): 2465–2471.
• Yildiz, M., Beyaz, R., Gursoy, M., Aycan, M., Koc, Y. and Kayan, M. (2017). Seed Dormancy. In: Advances in Seed Biology, Ed(s): Jimenez-Lopez, J. C., IntechOpen Publications, United Kingdom.
• Zeng, Z., Liu, X., Deng, Q., Ashraf, U., Chen, J. and Shen, W. (2023). Transcriptome analysis revealed mechanisms involved in improved germination and growth of sugarcane by ultrasonic treatment. Industrial Crops and Products, 192(2023): 1-13.
• Zheng, Y., Jia, A., Ning, T., Xu, J., Li, Z., Jiang, G. 2008. Potassium nitrate application alleviates sodium chloride stress in winter wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology, 165: 1455-1465.