Assessing the Impacts of Various Nitrogen Sources on Some Cool Season Turfgrasses

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 968 - 977, 03.10.2025

Zekeriyya Köktaş , Ugur Bilgili

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1553295

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different nitrogen resources on plant growth and turf quality of some cool season turfgrasses in 2017 and 2018 years at Bursa Osmangazi Municipality, Directorate of Parks and Gardens. The experiment was set out as two factors in randomized blocks with three replications. Nitrogen resources [slow release fertilizer (Biosmart 23-5-7), vermicompost (Sesol) and chemical fertilizer (21% ammonium sulphate)] were first factor and different cool season turfgrass (Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis) were second factor. The plot size is 1 × 2 = 2 m−2 and the sowing norm is 40 g m−2. In the study, forever variety of perennial ryegrass, Debussy variety of tall fescue and Shannon variety of Kentucky bluegrass were used as plant materials. According to the results of the experiment; among the turfgrasses, Festuca arundinacea has given the best turf color and quality. This turfgrass was followed by Lolium perenne. The lowest performance was observed in Poa pratensis. The best results were obtained from ammonium sulphate in terms of nitrogen sources. However, in some observations and measurements, slow release fertilizer and ammonium sulphate also gave the best results, while the lowest turf color, quality and dry matter yield were obtained from vermicompost. Although slow release fertilizer is not superior to ammonium sulphate fertilizer, in most observations it gives values over 6, which is the lower limit of acceptable color and quality values. Based on these results, it can be said that slow-release fertilizer is not much superior to ammonium sulfate fertilizer, but it performs as well as it does. However, due to the phenomenon of nitrogen leaching that occurs in nitrogen fertilizers used in the fertilization of turfgrass plants, it is known that groundwater pollution and related environmental and health problems occur. Although the slow-release fertilizer used in the experiment did not yield the best turfgrass color and quality values at all observation dates, it did yield values above the lower limit of 6, which is considered acceptable, in most observations. Therefore, in areas where there are no high expectations regarding turf color, the application of slow-release fertilizer will both ensure the attainment of an acceptable turf color and contribute to environmental protection.According to the results of the experiment; among the turfgrasses, Festuca arundinacea has given the best turf color and quality. This turfgrass was followed by Lolium perenne. The lowest performance was observed in Poa pratensis. The best results were obtained from ammonium sulphate in terms of nitrogen sources. However, in some observations and measurements, slow release fertilizer and ammonium sulphate also gave the best results, while the lowest turf color, quality and dry matter yield were obtained from vermicompost. Although slow release fertilizer is not superior to ammonium sulphate fertilizer, in most observations it gives values over 6, which is the lower limit of acceptable color and quality values. Accordingly, slow release fertilizer can be applied in areas where there is no high expectation about turfgrass color and where environmental pollution is expected to occur as a result of nitrogen flushing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nitrogen sources , Turf color , Turf quality , Lolium perenne , Festuca arundinacea , Poa pratensis

Etik Beyan

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the Bursa-Osmangazi Municipality Parks and Gardens Department for their assistance in conducting this thesis.

Farklı Azot Kaynaklarının Bazı Serin İklim Çim Bitkileri Üzerine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma; 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Bursa Osmangazi Belediyesi, Park ve Bahçeler Müdürlüğü, Fidanlık Tesislerinde, bazı serin iklim çim bitkilerinin bitki büyümesi ve çim kalitesi üzerine farklı azot kaynaklarının etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme, üç tekrarlamalı, iki faktörlü olarak tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Azot kaynakları [yavaş salınımlı gübre (Biosmart 23-5-7), solucan gübresi (Sesol) ve kimyasal gübre (%21 amonyum sülfat)] birinci faktör, farklı serin iklim çim bitkileri [çok yıllık çim (Lolium perenne, kamışsı yumak (Festuca arundinacea) ve çayır salkım otu (Poa pratensis)] ise ikinci faktördür. Parsel büyüklüğü 1 × 2 = 2 m2 ve ekim normu 40 g m-2'dir. Çalışmada bitki materyali olarak çok yıllık çimin Forever, kamışsı yumağın Debussy ve çayır salkım otunun Shannon çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; çim türleri arasında kamışsı yumak en iyi çim renk ve kalitesini vermiştir. Bu çim türünü çim renk ve kalitesi bakımından çok yıllık çim takip etmiştir. En düşük performans ise çayır salkım otunda gözlenmiştir. Azot kaynakları arasında en iyi sonuçlar amonyum sülfat gübresinden elde edilmiştir. Ancak bazı gözlem ve ölçümlerde yavaş salınımlı gübre ile amonyum sülfat en iyi sonuçları birlikte verirken, en düşük çim renk, kalite ve kuru ot verimi solucan gübresinden elde edilmiştir. Yavaş salınımlı gübre amonyum sülfat gübresinden üstün olmasa da çoğu gözlemde kabul edilebilir renk ve kalite değerlerinin alt sınırı olan 6 puanın üzerinde değerler vermektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre yavaş salınımlı gübrenin amonyum sülfat gübresinden çok üstün olmadığını, ancak onun kadar görev yaptığını söylemek mümkündür. Ancak çim bitkilerinin gübrelenmesinde kullanılan azotlu gübrelerde meydana gelen azot yıkanması olayı nedeniyle; yer altı sularının kirlenmesi ve buna bağlı olarak bazı çevre ve sağlık sorunlarının meydana geldiği bilinmektedir. Denemede yer alan yavaş salınımlı gübre tüm gözlem tarihlerinde en iyi çim renk ve kalite değerlerini vermemiş olsa da çoğu gözlemde kabul edilebilir renk ve kalite değerinin alt sınırı olan 6’nın üzerinde değerler vermiştir. Dolayısıyla çim rengi konusunda yüksek bir beklentinin olmadığı alanlarda yavaş salınımlı gübre uygulanması hem kabul edilebilir bir çim renginin elde edilmesini sağlayacak hem de çevrenin korunmasına yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Azot kaynakları , Çim rengi , Çim kalitesi , Lolium perenne , Festuca arundinacea , Poa pratensis

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the Bursa-Osmangazi Municipality Parks and Gardens Department for their assistance in conducting this thesis.

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