Box Behnken Design in the Optimization of Rhodamine B Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Delonix regia Seeds and Pods

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 209 - 226, 28.02.2022

Samsudeen Azeez Ismaila Saheed Folahan Adekola Akeem Jımoh David Aransıola Zuliah Abdulsalam

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.893472

Cited By: 4

Öz

The uptake of Rodamine B (RhB) dye onto chemically prepared activated carbon from Delonix regia pods (DPAC) and seeds (DSAC) by response surface methodology were investigated. The activated carbons were prepared with 1 M nitric acid and characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersed x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results obtained revealed that the prepared activated carbons DPAC and DSAC possess mesoporous structure. Optimization of the four operating variables viz; concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH on RhB adsorption were examined using Box Behnken design (BBD). A maximum removal efficiency of RhB from aqueous solution was achieved at 99.16% and 98.36% for DSAC and DPAC respectively with initial concentration of 55 mg/L, 0.1 g dosage, pH 12 and 725 min for both adsorbents. Comparing the actual values 99.16% (DSAC) and 98.36% (DPAC) with predicted values 101.7% (DSAC) and 99.40% (DPAC) having good agreement confirms the suitability of the proposed model. The adsorption process fitted best into Freundlich isotherm model when compared with Langmuir and Temkin isotherm. The adsorption process was adequately described by pseudo-second order kinetics model. Intra-particle diffusion appears to control the adsorption process but is not the only rate limiting step.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Delonix regia, Activated carbon, Box Behnken design, Adsorption isotherm, Rhodamine B

Destekleyen Kurum

N/A

Proje Numarası

N/A

Teşekkür

The authors are most grateful to Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry Unit, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria for providing the laboratory facilities necessary to carry out the proposed study.

Kaynakça

• 1. Aldegs Y, Elbarghouthi M, Elsheikh A, Walker G. Effect of solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature on adsorption behavior of reactive dyes on activated carbon. Dyes and Pigments. 2008;77(1):16–23.
• 2. Royer B, Cardoso NF, Lima EC, Macedo TR, Airoldi C. A useful organofunctionalized layered silicate for textile dye removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010 Sep;181(1–3):366–74.
• 3. Memon FN, Memon S. Sorption and Desorption of Basic Dyes from Industrial Wastewater Using Calix[4]arene Based Impregnated Material. Separation Science and Technology. 2015 May 24;50(8):1135–46.
• 4. Rangabhashiyam S, Anu N, Selvaraju N. Sequestration of dye from textile industry wastewater using agricultural waste products as adsorbents. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2013 Dec;1(4):629–41.
• 5. Bello O, Bello I, Adegoke K. Adsorption of dyes using different types of sand: A review. South Afr J Chem. 2013;66:117–29.
• 6. Malik PK, Saha SK. Oxidation of direct dyes with hydrogen peroxide using ferrous ion as catalyst. Separation and Purification Technology. 2003 Jun;31(3):241–50.
• 7. Gupta VK, Jain R, Mittal A, Mathur M, Sikarwar S. Photochemical degradation of the hazardous dye Safranin-T using TiO2 catalyst. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2007 May;309(2):464–9.
• 8. Fan L, Zhou Y, Yang W, Chen G, Yang F. Electrochemical degradation of aqueous solution of Amaranth azo dye on ACF under potentiostatic model. Dyes and Pigments. 2008;76(2):440–6.
• 9. Sachdeva S, Kumar A. Preparation of nanoporous composite carbon membrane for separation of rhodamine B dye. Journal of Membrane Science. 2009 Mar 5;329(1–2):2–10.
• 10. Saheed IO, Adekola FA, Olatunji GA. Sorption study of methylene blue on activated carbon prepared from Jatropha curcas and Terminalia catappa seed coats. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society, Section A: Chemistry. 2016 Dec 7;4(1):375–375.
• 11. Inyinbor AA, Adekola FA, Olatunji GA. Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution on Irvingia gabonensis biomass: Kinetics and thermodynamics studies. SAfr.j.chem [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Jan 11];68.
• 12. Azeez S, Adekola F. Sorption of 4-Nitroaniline on Activated Kaolinitic Clay and Jatropha curcas Activated Carbon in Aqueous Solution. Jordan J Chem. 2021;11(2):130–49.
• 13. Malik PK. Dye removal from wastewater using activated carbon developed from sawdust: adsorption equilibrium and kinetics. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2004 Sep;113(1–3):81–8.
• 14. Webb DB, editor. A Guide to species selection for tropical and sub-tropical plantations. 2nd ed., rev. Oxford: Unit of Tropical Silviculture, Commonwealth Forestry Institute, University of Oxford; 1984. 256 p. (Tropical forestry papers). ISBN: 978-0-85074-068-4.
• 15. Alam Z, Muyibi SA, Toramae J. Statistical optimization of adsorption processes for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by activated carbon derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2007 Jan;19(6):674–7.
• 16. Sudamalla P, Saravanan P, Matheswaran M. Optimization of operating parameters using response surface methodology for adsorption of crystal violet by activated carbon prepared from mango kernel. Environ Res. 2012;22(1):1–7.
• 17. Ani JU, Okoro UC, Aneke LE, Onukwuli OD, Obi IO, Akpomie KG, et al. Application of response surface methodology for optimization of dissolved solids adsorption by activated coal. Appl Water Sci. 2019 Apr;9(3):60.
• 18. Nwabanne J, Igbokwe P. Application of response surface methodology for preparation of activated carbon from palmyra palm nut. New York Sci J. 2012;5(9):18–25.
• 19. Fu JF, Zhao YQ, Xue XD, Li WC, Babatunde AO. Multivariate-parameter optimization of acid blue-7 wastewater treatment by Ti/TiO2 photoelectrocatalysis via the Box–Behnken design. Desalination. 2009 Jul;243(1–3):42–51.
• 20. Meilgaard M, Civille GV, Carr BT. Sensory evaluation techniques. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1999. 387 p. ISBN: 978-0-8493-0276-3.
• 21. Amuda OS, Olayiwola AO, Alade AO, Farombi AG, Adebisi SA. Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Steam-Activated Carbon Produced from Lantana camara Stem. JEP. 2014;05(13):1352–63.
• 22. Tangjuank S, Insuk N, Tontrakoon J, Udeye V. Adsorption of lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from cashew nut shells. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 2009;52:110–6.
• 23. Oyekanmi AA, Ahmad A, Hossain K, Rafatullah M. Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution onto acid treated banana peel: Response surface methodology, kinetics and isotherm studies. Rittschof D, editor. PLoS ONE. 2019 May 15;14(5):e0216878.
• 24. Azeez S, Adekola F. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Sorption of 4-Nitrophenol on Activated Kaolinitic Clay and Jatropha Curcas Activated Carbon from Aqueous Solution. Pak J Anal Environ Chem. 2016;17(1):93–105.
• 25. Abdolrahimi N, Tadjarodi A. Adsorption of Rhodamine-B from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon from Almond Shell. Proceedings. 2019 Nov 14;41(1):51.
• 26. Adekola F, Inyinbor A, Olatunji G. EDTA Modified Irvingia gabonensis: An Efficient Bioresource Material for the Removal of Rhodamine B. Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry. 2015;16(2):10.
• 27. Postai DL, Demarchi CA, Zanatta F, Melo DCC, Rodrigues CA. Adsorption of rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes using waste of seeds of Aleurites Moluccana, a low cost adsorbent. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2016 Jun;55(2):1713–23.
• 28. Prasad AL, Santhi T. Adsorption of hazardous cationic dyes from aqueous solution onto Acacia nilotica leaves as an eco friendly adsorbent. Sustainable Environment Research. 2012;22(2):113–22.
• 29. Mehrizad A. Adsorption studies of some phenol derivatives onto Ag-cuttlebone nanobiocomposite: modeling of process by response surface methodology. Res Chem Intermed. 2017 Jul;43(7):4295–310.
• 30. Hameed BH, Mahmoud DK, Ahmad AL. Equilibrium modeling and kinetic studies on the adsorption of basic dye by a low-cost adsorbent: Coconut (Cocos nucifera) bunch waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2008 Oct;158(1):65–72.
• 31. Rahman N, Nasir M. Application of Box–Behnken design and desirability function in the optimization of Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution using poly(o-phenylenediamine)/hydrous zirconium oxide composite: equilibrium modeling, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2018 Sep;25(26):26114–34.
• 32. Etim UJ, Umoren SA, Eduok UM. Coconut coir dust as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. 2016 Sep;20:S67–76.
• 33. Yuh-Shan H. Citation review of Lagergren kinetic rate equation on adsorption reactions. Scientometrics. 2004;59(1):171–7.
• 34. Idris MN, Ahmad ZA, Ahmad MA. Adsorption equilibrium of malachite green dye onto rubber seed coat based activated carbon. International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences. 2011;11(3):38–43.
• 35. Rathour R, Das P, Aikat K. Microwave-assisted synthesis of graphene and its application for adsorptive removal of malachite green: thermodynamics, kinetics and isotherm study. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2016 Apr 2;57(16):7312–21. .