Araştırma Makalesi

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM

Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2 21 Ekim 2025
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THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM

Öz

Life expectancy at birth (LEAB) denotes the average number of years a newborn is anticipated to live, assuming current conditions persist throughout their lifetime. This study investigates the influence of economic growth, the number of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants, and the student–teacher ratio on LEAB in Belgium. Initially, the analysis utilizes data spanning from 1970 to 2017 and applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. To validate the robustness of the ARDL findings, the study further employs Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) techniques. These additional methods enhance the reliability of the results. The ARDL analysis reveals no statistically significant relationship between LEAB and either economic growth or the student–teacher ratio in both the short and long run. However, a positive and significant association is observed between LEAB and the number of physicians per 1,000 individuals. Consistent with these findings, FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR estimations also indicate a positive and statistically significant relationship between LEAB and physician density. Furthermore, these methods identify a negative and significant correlation between LEAB and the student–teacher ratio.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sağlık Ekonomisi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

18 Ekim 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

21 Ekim 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

28 Temmuz 2025

Kabul Tarihi

30 Ağustos 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Biçer, İ., & Konca, M. (2025). THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM. Journal of Public Economy and Public Financıal Management, 5(2), 126-141. https://doi.org/10.71284/jpepfm.202522
AMA
1.Biçer İ, Konca M. THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM. JPEPFM. 2025;5(2):126-141. doi:10.71284/jpepfm.202522
Chicago
Biçer, İsmail, ve Murat Konca. 2025. “THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM”. Journal of Public Economy and Public Financıal Management 5 (2): 126-41. https://doi.org/10.71284/jpepfm.202522.
EndNote
Biçer İ, Konca M (01 Ekim 2025) THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM. Journal of Public Economy and Public Financıal Management 5 2 126–141.
IEEE
[1]İ. Biçer ve M. Konca, “THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM”, JPEPFM, c. 5, sy 2, ss. 126–141, Eki. 2025, doi: 10.71284/jpepfm.202522.
ISNAD
Biçer, İsmail - Konca, Murat. “THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM”. Journal of Public Economy and Public Financıal Management 5/2 (01 Ekim 2025): 126-141. https://doi.org/10.71284/jpepfm.202522.
JAMA
1.Biçer İ, Konca M. THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM. JPEPFM. 2025;5:126–141.
MLA
Biçer, İsmail, ve Murat Konca. “THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM”. Journal of Public Economy and Public Financıal Management, c. 5, sy 2, Ekim 2025, ss. 126-41, doi:10.71284/jpepfm.202522.
Vancouver
1.İsmail Biçer, Murat Konca. THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, PHYSICIAN DENSITY, AND STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: EVIDENCE FROM BELGIUM. JPEPFM. 01 Ekim 2025;5(2):126-41. doi:10.71284/jpepfm.202522