Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Perspektifinden Çevresel Davranışlar ve Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkileri: Klasik Derleme

Öz

Bu klasik derleme, çevreye yönelik bireysel ve toplumsal davranışların halk sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini halk sağlığı hemşireliği perspektifinden kapsamlı biçimde değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Derleme kapsamında çevre dostu ve çevreyi kirleten davranış türleri, bu davranışların sosyodemografik ve çevresel belirleyicileri ile solunum, kardiyovasküler, nörolojik-psikolojik, bulaşıcı ve onkolojik hastalıklar üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin ulusal ve uluslararası literatür incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, 2015–2025 yılları arasında Türkçe ve İngilizce dillerinde yayımlanmış çalışmalar PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında sistematik olmayan bir tarama ile değerlendirilmiştir. Literatür bulguları, çevre dostu davranışların hava kirliliğine maruziyeti azaltarak solunum ve kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini düşürdüğünü; yeşil alanlara erişim ve doğa temelli aktivitelerin psikolojik iyi oluşu ve ruh sağlığını desteklediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Buna karşılık, çevreyi kirleten davranışların hava kirliliği, iklim değişikliği ve çevresel bozulma yoluyla kronik hastalıklar, bulaşıcı hastalıklar ve kanser yükü ile anlamlı biçimde ilişkili olduğu bildirilmektedir. Çevresel davranışların eğitim düzeyi, gelir, yaş, cinsiyet, aile yapısı ve doğayla etkileşim gibi çok sayıda bireysel ve yapısal belirleyiciyle ilişkili olduğu; bu davranışların yalnızca bireysel tercihlerle açıklanamayacağı vurgulanmaktadır. Halk sağlığı hemşireleri, birincil koruma, çevresel risklerin değerlendirilmesi, sağlık eğitimi, davranış değişikliği danışmanlığı ve savunuculuk rolleri aracılığıyla çevre–sağlık etkileşiminin yönetiminde stratejik bir konuma sahiptir. Türkiye’de çevresel davranışlar ile sağlık çıktıları arasındaki ilişkiyi doğrudan ele alan çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu dikkate alındığında, halk sağlığı hemşireliğinin bu alandaki rolünün güçlendirilmesi, çevre sağlığı temelli eğitim ve müdahale programlarının yaygınlaştırılması ve sağlık sonuçlarıyla ilişkilendirilen araştırmaların artırılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çevresel davranış
• iklim değişikliği
• halk sağlığı
• çevresel sürdürülebilirlik
• halk sağlığı hemşireliği

The Effects of Environmental Behaviors on Health from a Public Health Nursing Perspective: A Narrative Review

Öz

This narrative review aims to comprehensively evaluate the effects of individual and collective environmental behaviors on public health from a public health nursing perspective. The review examines environmentally friendly and environmentally harmful behavior types, their sociodemographic and environmental determinants, and their associations with respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological–psychological, infectious, and oncological health outcomes through an analysis of national and international literature. In this context, studies published in Turkish and English between 2015 and 2025 were evaluated through a non-systematic literature search conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The findings indicate that pro-environmental behaviors reduce exposure to air pollution and are associated with lower risks of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, while access to green spaces and nature-based activities support psychological well-being and mental health. Conversely, environmentally harmful behaviors are reported to be significantly associated with increased burdens of chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer through pathways such as air pollution, climate change, and environmental degradation. Environmental behaviors are influenced by multiple individual and structural determinants, including education level, income, age, gender, family structure, and interaction with nature, highlighting that these behaviors cannot be explained solely by individual choice. Public health nurses occupy a strategic position in managing the environment–health nexus through their roles in primary prevention, environmental risk assessment, health education, behavior change counseling, and advocacy. Given the limited number of studies in Türkiye that directly examine the relationship between environmental behaviors and health outcomes, strengthening the role of public health nursing in this field, expanding environment-focused education and intervention programs, and increasing research linking environmental behaviors to health outcomes are strongly recommended.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• environmental behavior
• climate change
• public health
• environmental sustainability
• public health nursing

Kaynakça

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