Workplace Based Mental Health Promotion Programs: A Systematic Review

Öz

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to examine the results of randomized controlled studies including workplace-based mental health promotion programs.
Material and Method: In September-November 2019, 'Pubmed', 'CINAHL Complete', 'ScienceDirect', 'Scopus' databases were searched with the keywords 'mental health', 'randomised controlled trial'. Workplace-based randomized controlled mental health promotion programs conducted in 2014-2019, with English in the publication language and access to the full text, were examined.
Results: The sample numbers of the 18 randomized controlled studies examined ranged from 50 to 1193. At the end of the study; It has been found that web-based mindfulness-based stress management program and stress management training are effective in stress management. In addition, the Yoga program is effective in work stress; cognitive behavioral therapy session and web-based behavioral therapy assignment are effective in increasing cognitive flexibility; work-oriented cognitive behavioral therapy and mental health program were found to be effective in anxiety, stress and depression. 18 studies in terms of random assignment of participants to intervention groups; seven studies in terms of whether the person who distributed the participants to the study groups knew which treatment the participants received; 11 studies were found to have a low risk of whether or not the baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups were similar at the start of the study.
Conclusion: Mental health promotion programs implemented in workplaces have positive effects on stress, anxiety, job burnout, and cognitive flexibility variables, but studies with a high level of evidence are needed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Workplace
• mental health
• Employee health

İş Yeri Temelli Ruh Sağlığını Geliştirme Programları: Sistematik İnceleme

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada iş yeri temelli ruh sağlığını geliştirme programlarını içeren randomize kontrollü çalışmaların sonuçlarını incelemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Eylül- Kasım 2019 tarihinde, ‘mental health’, ‘randomised controlled trial’ anahtar kelimelerle ‘ Pubmed’, ‘CINAHL Complete’, ‘ScienceDirect’, ‘Scopus’ veri tabanları taranmıştır. 2014-2019 yıllarında yapılan, yayın dili İngilizce olan, tam metine ulaşılan, iş yeri temelli randomize kontrollü ruh sağlığını geliştirme programları incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: İncelenen 18 randomize kontrollü çalışmaların örneklem sayıları 50- 1193 arasında değişmektedir. Çalışma sonunda; web tabanlı farkındalığa dayalı stres yönetimi programı ve stres yönetimi eğitiminin stres yönetiminde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Yoga programının iş stresinde etkili olduğu; bilişsel davranışçı terapi seansı ve web tabanlı davranışçı tedavi ödevinin bilişsel esnekliği arttırmada etkili olduğu; iş odaklı bilişsel davranışçı terapi ve ruh sağlığı programının ise anksiyete, stres ve depresyonda etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların müdahale gruplarına rastgele atanması yönünden 18 çalışma; katılımcıları çalışma gruplarına dağıtan kişinin katılımcıların hangi tedaviyi aldığından haberinin olup olmaması yönünden yedi çalışma; çalışmanın başlangıcında müdahale ve kontrol gruplarının temel özelliklerinin benzer olup olmaması durumundan 11 çalışma düşük riske sahiptir.
Sonuç: İş yerlerinde uygulanan ruh sağlığını geliştirme programları stres, anksiyete, iş tükenmişliği, bilişsel esneklik değişkenlerinde olumlu etki sağlamıştır ancak kanıt düzeyi yüksek çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İş yeri
• ruh sağlığı
• çalışan sağlığı

Kaynakça

1. Abdin, S., Welch, R. K., Byron-Daniel, J., & Meyrick, J. (2018). The effectiveness of physical activity interventions in improving well-being across office-based workplace settings: a systematic review. Public Health, 160, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.029
2. Addley, K., Boyd, S., Kerr, R., McQuillan, P., Houdmont, J., & McCrory, M. (2014). The impact of two workplace-based health risk appraisal interventions on employee lifestyle parameters, mental health and work ability: results of a randomized controlled trial. Health Education Research, 29(2), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyt113
3. Ahola, K., Toppinen-Tanner, S., & Seppänen, J. (2017). Interventions to alleviate burnout symptoms and to support return to work among employees with burnout: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Burnout Research, 4, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.02.001
4. Allexandre, D., Bernstein, A. M., Walker, E., Hunter, J., Roizen, M. F., & Morledge, T. J. (2016). A web-based mindfulness stress management program in a corporate call center: a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the added benefit of onsite group support. Journal of Occupational And Environmental Medicine, 58(3), 254. Doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000680
5. Andersen, L. L., Persson, R., Jakobsen, M. D., & Sundstrup, E. (2017). Psychosocial effects of workplace physical exercise among workers with chronic pain: randomized controlledtrial. Medicine, 96(1).https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1097%2FMD.0000000000005709
6. Aşık, Z, Özen, M. (2019). Meta-analysis steps and reporting . Turkish Journal of Family Medicine And Primary Care. 13 (2), 232-240. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.569924
7. Aydın, N. (2019). Sağlığın teşviki ve geliştirilmesi. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 2(1), 21-29.
8. Başçı, A.B.(2018). İş sağlığı hemşireliğinin iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine yansımaları. Uluslararası 4. Adli Hemşirelik, 3. Adli Sosyal Hizmet, 2. Adli Gerontoloji Kongresi. Çorum, Türkiye, 18-20 Ekim 2018.

9. Bayattork, M., Andersen, L. L., & Schlünssen, V. (2019). Psychosocial effects of workplace exercise–A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 45(6), 533-545. Doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3832
10. Bernburg, M., Baresi, L., Groneberg, D., & Mache, S. (2016). Does psychosocial competency training for junior physicians working in pediatric medicine improve individual skills and perceived job stress. European Journal of Pediatrics, 175(12), 1905-1912. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-016-2777-8
11. Carolan, S., Harris, P. R., Greenwood, K., & Cavanagh, K. (2017). Increasing engagement with an occupational digital stress management program through the use of an online facilitated discussion group: Results of a pilot randomised controlled trial. Internet İnterventions, 10, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2017.08.001
12. Coelhoso, C. C., Tobo, P. R., Lacerda, S. S., Lima, A. H., Barrichello, C. R. C., Amaro Jr, E., & Kozasa, E. H. (2019). A new mental health mobile app for well-being and stress reduction in working women: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(11), e14269.Doi: 10.2196/14269
13. Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., Andersson, G., Quigley, L., Kleiboer, A., & Dobson, K. S. (2013). A meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural therapy for adult depression, alone and in comparison with other treatments. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 58(7), 376-385.https://doi.org/10.1177%2F070674371305800702
14. Gayed, A., Milligan-Saville, J. S., Nicholas, J., Bryan, B. T., LaMontagne, A. D., Milner, A., ... & Harvey, S. B. (2018). Effectiveness of training workplace managers to understand and support the mental health needs of employees: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occupational And Environmental Medicine, 75(6), 462-470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104789
15. Griffiths, K. M., Bennett, K., Walker, J., Goldsmid, S., & Bennett, A. (2016). Effectiveness of MH-Guru, a brief online mental health program for the workplace: A randomised controlled trial. Internet İnterventions, 6, 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2016.09.004
16. Gupta, N., Wåhlin-Jacobsen, C. D., Abildgaard, J. S., Henriksen, L. N., Nielsen, K., & Holtermann, A. (2018). Effectiveness of a participatory physical and psychosocial intervention to balance the demands and resources of industrial workers: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 58-68. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3689
17. Hartfiel, N., Burton, C., Rycroft-Malone, J., Clarke, G., Havenhand, J., Khalsa, S. B., & Edwards, R. T. (2012). Yoga for reducing perceived stress and back pain at work. Occupational Medicine, 62(8), 606-612. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs168
18. Huang, S. L., Li, R. H., Huang, F. Y., & Tang, F. C. (2015). The potential for mindfulness-based intervention in workplace mental health promotion: results of a randomized controlled trial. Plos One, 10(9), e0138089. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138089
19. Jakobsen, M. D., Sundstrup, E., Brandt, M., & Andersen, L. L. (2017). Psychosocial benefits of workplace physical exercise: cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4728-3
20. Jia, Y., Fu, H., Gao, J., Dai, J., & Zheng, P. (2018). The roles of health culture and physical environment in workplace health promotion: a two-year prospective intervention study in China. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5361-5
21. Joyce, S., Modini, M., Christensen, H., Mykletun, A., Bryant, R., Mitchell, P. B., & Harvey, S. B. (2016). Workplace interventions for common mental disorders: a systematic meta-review. Psychological Medicine, 46(4), 683-697. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002408
22. Karaçam, Z. (2013). Sistematik derleme metodolojisi: Sistematik derleme hazırlamak için bir rehber. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 6(1), 26-33.
23. Kıcır, B. (2018). İşyerinde psikolojik bozukluklar, nedenleri, yaygınlığı ve etkileri. Uluslararası Turizm, Ekonomi ve İşletme Bilimleri Dergisi (IJTEBS) E-ISSN: 2602-4411, 2(2), 234-244.
24. Kimura, R., Mori, M., Tajima, M., Somemura, H., Sasaki, N., Yamamoto, M., ... & Tanaka, K. (2015). Effect of a brief training program based on cognitive behavioral therapy in improving work performance: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational Health, 57(2), 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.14-0208-OA
25. LaMontagne, A. D., Martin, A., Page, K. M., Reavley, N. J., Noblet, A. J., Milner, A. J., ... & Smith, P. M. (2014). Workplace mental health: developing an integrated intervention approach. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-131
26. Lin, S. L., Huang, C. Y., Shiu, S. P., & Yeh, S. H. (2015). Effects of yoga on stress, stress adaption, and heart rate variability among mental health professionals-A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews On Evidence‐Based Nursing, 12(4), 236-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12097
27. Lloyd, J., Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2017). Work-related self-efficacy as a moderator of the impact of a worksite stress management training intervention: Intrinsic work motivation as a higher order condition of effect. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(1), 115. https://content.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ocp0000026
28. Maatouk, I., Müller, A., Angerer, P., Schmook, R., Nikendei, C., Herbst, K., ... & Gündel, H. (2018). Healthy Ageing At Work—Efficacy Of Group İnterventions On The Mental Health Of Nurses Aged 45 And Older: Results Of A Randomised, Controlled Trial. PloS One, 13(1), e0191000. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191000
29. Michishita, R., Jiang, Y., Ariyoshi, D., Yoshida, M., Moriyama, H., & Yamato, H. (2016). The Practice Of Active Rest By Workplace Units İmproves Personal Relationships, Mental Health, And Physical Activity Among Workers. Journal of Occupational Health, 16-0182. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.16-0182-OA
30. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting ıtems for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine. 6(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
31. Muller, J., Handlin, L., Harlén, M., Lindmark, U., & Ekström, A. (2015). Mechanical Massage And Mental Training Programmes Affect Employees’ Anxiety, Stress Susceptibility And Detachment–A Randomised Explorative Pilot Study. BMC Complementary And Alternative Medicine, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0753-x
32. Nahcivan, N., & Seçginli, S. (2017). Sistematik Derlemeye Dahil Edilen Nicel Araştırmaların Metodolojik Kalitesi Nasıl Değerlendirilir. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Public Health Nursing-Special Topics, 3(1), 10-19. Northwestern Health Unit. (2012). Mental Health Promotion İn The Workplace A Toolkit For Workplaces. Canada.
33. Padesky, C. A., & Mooney, K. A. (2012). Strengths‐based cognitive–behavioural therapy: A four‐step model to build resilience. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(4), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1795
34. Poulsen, A. A., Sharpley, C. F., Baumann, K. C., Henderson, J., & Poulsen, M. G. (2015). Evaluation of the effect of a 1‐day interventional workshop on recovery from job stress for radiation therapists and oncology nurses: A randomised trial. Journal of Medical İmaging And Radiation Oncology, 59(4), 491-498. https://doi.org/10.1111/1754-9485.12322
35. Reme, S. E., Grasdal, A. L., Løvvik, C., Lie, S. A., & Øverland, S. (2015). Work-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy and individual job support to increase work participation in common mental disorders: a randomised controlled multicentre trial. Occupational And Environmental Medicine, 72(10), 745-752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102700
36. Robertson, I. T., Cooper, C. L., Sarkar, M., & Curran, T. (2015). Resilience training in the workplace from 2003 to 2014: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational And Organizational Psychology, 88(3), 533-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12120
37. Tan, L., Wang, M. J., Modini, M., Joyce, S., Mykletun, A., Christensen, H., & Harvey, S. B. (2014). Preventing the development of depression at work: a systematic review and meta-analysis of universal interventions in the workplace. BMC Medicine, 12(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-74
38. Tetrick, L. E., & Winslow, C. J. (2015). Workplace stress management interventions and health promotion. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 2(1), 583-603. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111341
39. Van der Klink, J. J., Blonk, R. W., Schene, A. H., & Van Dijk, F. J. (2001). The benefits of interventions for work-related stress. American Journal of Public Health, 91(2), 270. Doi: 10.2105/ajph.91.2.270
40. Virgili, M. (2015). Mindfulness-based interventions reduce psychological distress in working adults: a meta-analysis of intervention studies. Mindfulness, 6(2), 326-337. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s12671-013-0264-0
41. Wei, R., Ji, H., Li, J., & Zhang, L. (2017). Active intervention can decrease burnout in ED nurses. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 43(2), 145-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2016.07.011
42. World Health Organization. (2004). Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice: Summary report. World Health Organization. World Health Organization. (2005). Mental health policies and programmes in the workplace.
43. World Health Organization. (2013).World Health Organization Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020. Geneva: Who Press.
44. Wynne, R. V. D. B., De Broeck, V., Leka, S., Jain, A., Houtman, I. L. D., McDaid, D., & Park, A. (2014). Promoting mental health in the workplace: Guidance to implementing a comprehensive approach.
45. Yildiz, A. N., Çaman, Ö. G., & Nihal, E.S. (2012). Işyerinde sağliği geliştirme programlari. Ankara: TÜRK-İŞ. Yorulmaz, D. S., & Karadeniz, H. (2020).Gençlerin mental sağlığının korunmasında halk sağlığı hemşirelerinin rolü. Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 2(3), 213-222.
46. Yorulmaz, D. S., & Karadeniz, H. (2020).Gençlerin mental sağlığının korunmasında halk sağlığı hemşirelerinin rolü. Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 2(3), 213-222.